linkedin post 2019-12-27 05:21:06

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LOCALIZED WORDS. "As each patient spoke, a computer algorithm learned to associate speech sounds—such as "foh", "net", and "ik"—with different firing patterns in the brain cells. Eventually it learned to read the brain cells well enough that it could guess which sound they were producing with up to 75 percent accuracy." http://www.popsci.com/mind-reading-technology-turns-thoughts-text View in LinkedIn
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linkedin post 2019-12-29 05:46:10

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TWO CAUSATIONS. “Both bottom-up and top-down causation occur in the hierarchy of structure and causation. Bottom-up causation is the basic way physicists think: lower level action underlies higher level behaviour, for example physics underlies chemistry, biochemistry underlies cell biology and so on.” https://lnkd.in/dnngg6a View in LinkedIn
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linkedin post 2019-12-29 05:43:52

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THE CELL. “This information cannot be derived in a bottom-up way, because it implicitly embodies information about environmental niches. It would be different in a different environment. Hence, higher level conditions influence what happens at the lower levels, even if the lower levels do the work. This is what I characterize as top-down causation.” https://lnkd.in/dnngg6a View in LinkedIn
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linkedin post 2019-12-29 05:41:08

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TOP DOWN CAUSATION. “These, however, do not extend to truly complex systems such as a single living cell. It seems that developing very complex systems such as those occurring in biology requires top-down causation, needed in order to build up the necessary biological information.” https://lnkd.in/dnngg6a View in LinkedIn
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linkedin post 2019-12-29 06:05:46

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SO ENDS this brief sojourn into emergence. Because complexity and emergence occurs in non-biological systems, it has attracted great mathematical physicists, and they have also studied the biological manifestations of emergence, bringing fresh rigorous thinking to the subject. Biology is enormously enriched by their contributions. View in LinkedIn
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