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NO GUARANTEES. "Human brain cell transplantation makes mice smart. The bold approach of grafting human brain cells into the mouse brain is enormously risky. The procedure could utterly fail. The grafted cells might not survive, or they might not insert themselves properly into brain circuitry, or they might change radically inside the strange environment of the mouse’s brain, or grow wildly and impair brain function, or perhaps even kill the mouse." https://lnkd.in/dqqJNPF View in LinkedIn

THE BRAIN IS IMMUNOLOGICALLY PRIVILEGED. The brain and testes do not reject foreign tissues. View in LinkedIn

HUMAN BRAIN MAKES SMARTER MICE. "Goldman first reported last year that mice with human glial cells are smarter. But the human cells his team injected then were mature so they simply integrated into the mouse brain tissue and stayed put." https://lnkd.in/d2TkhaZ View in LinkedIn

LEAP FORWARD. "The field of stem-cell biology has been catapulted forward by the startling development of reprogramming technology. The ability to restore pluripotency to somatic cells through the ectopic co-expression of reprogramming factors has created powerful new opportunities for modelling human diseases and offers hope for personalized regenerative cell therapies." https://lnkd.in/dMmyqzS View in LinkedIn

EXPANDED ENQUIRY. "More recently, a host of cell types have been tested in stroke models, including human bone marrow cells, human umbilical cord blood cells, rat trophic factor-secreting kidney cells, and immortalized cell lines such as the human neuron-like NT2N (hNT) cells and MHP36, an embryonic murine immortalized neuroepithelial cell line." http://www.pnas.org/content/101/32/11839.full View in LinkedIn

FUTURE PATH. "Fetal brain tissue transplants have been shown to produce some recovery in animal models of stroke." http://www.pnas.org/content/101/32/11839.full View in LinkedIn

ENHANCED PERCEPTION. “Outside the realm of memory research there is accumulating evidence of enhanced sensory processing in synesthesia as well. Specifically, grapheme-color synesthetes show enhanced detection of colors on a perceptually low-level visual test of parvocellular processing paralleled by the finding of differences in early visual processes to simple colors using visual-evoked potentials well before the time period in the brain in which synesthesia engages.” https://lnkd.in/dfc7eju View in LinkedIn

REPAIR HOPES. "We characterize the survival, migration, and differentiation of human neurospheres derived from CNS stem cells transplanted into the ischemic cortex of rats...transplanted human CNS (hCNS)-derived neurospheres survived robustly in naive and ischemic brains." https://lnkd.in/dUpGPqf View in LinkedIn

IMPROVED MEMORY. “Such cases have led to the suggestion that synesthesia may exist as a foundation for savantism, and while Tammet and S are at the extreme end of the spectrum, synesthetes as a group also have demonstrated improved memories relative to controls, particularly for items related to their synesthetic experiences (e.g., memory for phone numbers is aided by number-color associations).” https://lnkd.in/dfc7eju View in LinkedIn