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ARCHIVES. List of impressive solar storms. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar_storms View in LinkedIn

MAGNETIC DRIVER. “It is a promising hypothesis that the onset of solar eruptions is related to some typical magnetic structures. In fact, many studies have emphasized a relationship between the occurrence of solar eruptions and various magnetic properties, e.g., strong magnetic shear.” https://lnkd.in/e8caAHQ View in LinkedIn

VIOLENT EVENTS. “Solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs), the most catastrophic eruptions in our solar system, are believed to occur through a type of storage-and-release phenomenon, in which the free energy stored as a nonpotential magnetic field in the solar corona is abruptly unleashed.” https://lnkd.in/e8caAHQ View in LinkedIn

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SO ENDS this second weekend on this excellent paper by Dimitra Ati on extraterrestrial versions of Darwin’s warm pond where hi energy sources can push chemistry to far-from-equilibrium reactions and cross the threshold from chemistry to biology. With increased interest in the news about extraterrestrial life following the military release of UFO video footage, it begs the greatest unanswered question of 21st century biology, namely, how on earth, or elsewhere, did life evolve. It is time to fund intensive research in this direction. View in LinkedIn

THE POSSIBILITIES. “There is a possibility of life on icy objects in the interplanetary medium such as comets, and other bodies in the interstellar environment. This energy source could support life locked inside icy objects and facilitate efficient transportation conforming to the panspermia hypothesis. Because rogue or independent planets also receive a steady flux of this radiation, there is a possibility of a thriving subsurface ecosystem on such planets. Ground-based laboratory tests are suggested that can be conducted to validate the hypotheses presented here.” https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsif.2016.0459 View in LinkedIn

COMBINATION METABOLISM. “Radiolysis-powered life can either thrive independently, or can consume a combination of sources such as heat from chemical and geological processes. Galactic cosmic rays-induced radiolysis can produce a number of ion species leading to the production of biologically useful products such as molecular hydrogen.” https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsif.2016.0459 View in LinkedIn

NO ATMOSPHERIC SHIELD. “The Galactic cosmic ray-induced radiolysis mechanisms proposed in the paper open up new possibilities of life in subsurface environments on a number of planetary bodies such as Mars, Moon, Europa, Enceladus, Pluto and especially ones with negligible atmospheres.” https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsif.2016.0459 View in LinkedIn

COSMIC ENERGY SOURCE. “Galactic cosmic rays are a steady source of ionizing radiation throughout the Galaxy and beyond. Their secondary component can deposit energy underground; muons especially can penetrate several kilometres underground. It has been shown that Galactic cosmic rays-induced radiolysis is a steady source of energy for subsurface environments and could potentially be a viable source of energy supporting such an ecosystem. Galactic cosmic rays-induced particles can directly interact with the medium with essential nutrients and synthesize basic chemicals vital for life to develop, analogous to the experiments with high-energy protons and ice mixtures.” https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsif.2016.0459 View in LinkedIn

DNA REPAIR. “Ionizing radiation causes damage, and just as in the case of Ca. D. audaxviator, a part of the energy deposited in subsurface environments can be used for repairing damage and the rest for chemical reactions and potential biological use.” https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsif.2016.0459 View in LinkedIn