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THREE TYPES OF ELECTRICAL SIGNAL. "There are three major types of electrical signaling in plants and animals: action potentials, electrotonic potentials, and graded potentials.” https://lnkd.in/dCrJmzA View in LinkedIn

PLANT ELECTRICAL SIGNALS. “Inspired by the complexity of the signaling network in plants and by analogies with some traits of neurons in human brains, we have sought for evidences of high complexity in the electrical dynamics of plant signaling, beyond APs and VPs responses. Thus, from EEG-like data analyses of soybean plants, we showed consistent evidences of chaotic dynamics in the electrical time series. Furthermore, we have found that the dynamic complexity of electrical signals is affected by the plant physiological conditions, decreasing when plant was stressed.” (APs = action potentials; VPs = variation potentials). https://lnkd.in/dpctVZq View in LinkedIn

CALCIUM AND ROS. "In addition to the use of mobile small molecules and hormones, electrical signals have long been known to propagate throughout the plant. This electrical signaling network has now been linked to waves of Ca2+ and reactive oxygen species that traverse the plant and trigger systemic responses." https://lnkd.in/dFYDRax View in LinkedIn

PLANT ELECTRICITY. "Electrical signals are believed to mediate intracellular, intercellular and interorgan communication within all plant systematic levels, from algae and bryophytes to vascular plants." https://lnkd.in/eVTKbBi View in LinkedIn

“There is no time? Err.” An update on the calligraphic sculpture by Alberto Martinez of Huesca, Spain, that appeared in the Girona hills in the last week. View in LinkedIn

PLANT "Electrical signals have been studied in numerous species so far. It appears that two main types of such signals occur in plants, rapid action potentials (APs) and slower variation potentials (VPs). While APs are generally evoked by non-invasive stimuli and follow the all-or-nothing principle as in neurons, VPs are mostly triggered by wounding and do not follow the all-or-nothing law." (APs = action potentials; VPs = variation potentials). https://lnkd.in/d2MZS34 View in LinkedIn

PHYSIOLOGICAL SIGNALS. "Many physiological effects such as gas exchange, gene expression and leaf movement can be induced or regulated by APs in plants. VPs are slower signals that are induced by damaging stimuli (for example burning and cutting). Both types of signals carry information to other cells, tissues and organs, where they trigger appropriate responses." (APs = action potentials; VPs = variation potentials), https://lnkd.in/dAsmaWB View in LinkedIn