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RIGOROUS RE-EVALUATION. "To qualify as memories, traces of past events have to be not only stored, but also actively accessed. We propose a criterion for eliminating false candidates of possible plant intelligence phenomena in this stricter sense: an “intelligent” behavior must involve a component that can be approximated by a plausible algorithmic model involving recourse to stored information about past states of the individual or its environment." https://lnkd.in/dfsCv77 View in LinkedIn

BURNT NORTON (TSE)" ""Time present and time past" "Are both perhaps present in time future" "And time future contained in time past." https://lnkd.in/gWpeKKa View in LinkedIn

MEMORY AND TIME. "Studies of plant intelligence have tended to concentrate on memory as a benchmark of intelligent behavior. Although memory has a bearing on all three modalities of time, including a remembered past event, the present of storage and the possibility of future retrieval, it is a marker of intelligence heavily biased toward the past." https://lnkd.in/dMHAtyp View in LinkedIn

Mystery pavement: great trouble and relative expense to put this ribbed slab of marly limestone at the doorstep. To take the mud off the wheels of carts? Not known, by me at least. View in LinkedIn

SO ENDS this second weekend looking at the transition of the whale family of vertebrates back to the sea. This complicated evolution, once from the sea to the land, and then back again is an example of adaptive plasticity. The phenotype is moldable clay, that can endure seemingly unlimited changes during evolution, turning limbs into wings in some insects, and wrenching the faces of flatfish from vertical orientation. But the whales are a wonderful example of wholesale remodeling of not just anatomical phenotype, but physiology and metabolism by the direction of genes. View in LinkedIn

MOLECULAR UNDERPINNINGS. "Cetacea (whales, dolphins, and porpoises) is a model group for investigating the molecular signature of macroevolutionary transitions. Recent research has begun to reveal the molecular underpinnings of the remarkable anatomical and behavioral transformation in this clade. This shift from terrestrial to aquatic environments is arguably the best-understood major morphological transition in vertebrate evolution." https://lnkd.in/d8XpCvA View in LinkedIn

"ADAPTION and acclimation of metabolism and development to environmental conditions at the site of rooting requires nonmobile plants to memorize information introduced by external signals." https://lnkd.in/dFRtJBZ View in LinkedIn

THE CHALLENGE. "This leaves open the question of whether plants, like animals, can show learned behavioral responses (i.e. a behaviour that an individual develops by being taught)." https://lnkd.in/dH68RKn View in LinkedIn

EARLY STUDIES. "What these studies have shown is that plants are indeed capable of memory function; in all cases, the behaviour of the different plants included an ability to store and recall biological information in order to produce a specific (and somewhat predictable) developmental, physiological, morphological or epigenetic response." https://lnkd.in/dH68RKn View in LinkedIn