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EPIGENETIC MEMORIES. "Additionally at the molecular level, the role of epigenetic reprogramming has been increasingly identified as a promising candidate mechanism for learning and memory storage in plants and more generally, across all taxa." https://lnkd.in/dH68RKn View in LinkedIn

NEURONS OR MERISTEMS. "The Ca2+/CaM signalling system controls the expression of genes whether their transcription occurs in the neurons of a big-brained animal or in the root apex cells of a plant." (CaM = Calmodulin). https://lnkd.in/dH68RKn View in LinkedIn

CONSERVED CALMODULIN (CaM). "What is really interesting about this Ca2+ sensor is that CaM is one of the most conserved Ca2+-binding proteins in eukaryotes [>70 % sequence alignment similarity between animals and plants, albeit plants have a much larger repertoire of genes coding for CaM-target proteins." https://lnkd.in/dH68RKn View in LinkedIn

CALCIUM-CALMODULIN. "In both animals and plants, fluctuations in [Ca2+]i levels are directly linked to stimulus–response coupling through changes in the concentration of small molecules and proteins, including calmodulin (CaM)." https://lnkd.in/dH68RKn View in LinkedIn

IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS. "Interestingly in animals, fluctuations in [Ca2+]i during learning seem to be essential in priming the organism for the formation of long-term memory, without affecting short-term memory. In plants, this same [Ca2+]i system is already known to contribute to the formation of stress imprints and may be responsible for the long-term memory we observed in Mimosa." https://lnkd.in/dH68RKn View in LinkedIn

Calcite alabaster from the mediaeval period came from Nottingham UK or Bueda Spain; the first source is exhausted, the second damaged by dynamite mining. The extraordinary ivory-like translucence and the ability to hold detail is what distinguishes this remarkable material, exemplified in thousands of examples. View in LinkedIn

CALCIUM MEMORY TRACES. "Specifically, intracellular Ca ([Ca2+]i) signals are known to regulate a large variety of functions in all biological organisms, including memory processing and formation of memory imprints of past events ranging from minutes to generations through gene expression." https://lnkd.in/dH68RKn View in LinkedIn

MEMORY ANALOGUES. "Plants may lack brains and neural tissues but they do possess a sophisticated Ca-signalling network in their cells similar to those underlying memory processes in animals." https://lnkd.in/dH68RKn View in LinkedIn

RESISTANCE TO NEW IDEAS. "Gagliano said that her mimosa paper had been rejected by ten journals: “None of the reviewers had problems with the data.” Instead, they balked at the language she used to describe the data." https://lnkd.in/dvFaNgd View in LinkedIn

SOME MOLECULAR MECHANISMS. "Interestingly, the physiological and cellular mechanisms of leaf movements associated with fast responses to environmental stimuli in plants like Mimosa have been known for some time, revealing that these plants employ sensory and motor pathways with the direct involvement of voltage-gated ion channels, neurotransmitters and changes in protein synthesis, all of which may also be utilized during the learning process." https://lnkd.in/dH68RKn View in LinkedIn