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Electrician professional pride at a low ebb in parts of Spain. View in LinkedIn

A COSTLY BUSINESS. “However, these potential benefits of sex are pitted against well-known costs of sexual reproduction: that only 50 % of a parental genome is transmitted to any given progeny, the time and energy required to locate mates, and the breaking apart of well adapted genomic configurations.” https://lnkd.in/dn4azG7 View in LinkedIn

PATHOGEN EVASION. “There is sound experimental evidence from studies in Caenorhabditis elegans and in naturally occurring snails in New Zealand for this last hypothesis in which sex allows species to keep pace with their pathogens.” https://lnkd.in/dn4azG7 View in LinkedIn

ESCAPING PARASITES. “Sex may also enable organisms to keep pace with or outrun pathogens, including those both external and those internal (such as transposons).” https://lnkd.in/dn4azG7 View in LinkedIn

NEW DECK OF CARDS. “Why sex is so pervasive is thought to result from potential benefits conferred by sexual reproduction. These include purging the genome of deleterious mutations and shuffling the genome via independent chromosomal assortment and recombination to give rise to a diverse repertoire of meiotic progeny.” https://lnkd.in/dn4azG7 View in LinkedIn

Remains of an ancient sea with iron metabolizing bacteria that gave a variety of red rocks reflecting the oxidation states on Fe. View in LinkedIn

ON CELLS AND NUCLEI. “And while cell–cell and nuclear–nuclear fusion play prominent roles in sexual reproduction today, there may have been an era in which endoreplication cycles followed by meiosis drove the processes of ploidy change during ancestral modes of sexual reproduction. In this view, cell–cell fusion may be ancient, but perhaps not as ancient as other features of sexual reproduction.” https://lnkd.in/dn4azG7 View in LinkedIn

NUMBER OF CHROMOSOME SETS. “And when we think of how sex first evolved, this involved changes in ploidy and the process of meiosis, given their conserved nature throughout eukaryotes.” https://lnkd.in/dn4azG7 View in LinkedIn