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TEMPERATURE + STRUCTURE TRIGGERS. “Yet other species appear to be hybrids of the two with features of both environmental and chromosomal sex determination.” https://lnkd.in/dn4azG7 View in LinkedIn

ONE DIVIDING LINE. “Phylogenetic reconstructions across the fungal kingdom support the conclusion that bipolar mating type is an ancestral state and the tetrapolar configuration is a derived state.” https://lnkd.in/dn4azG7 View in LinkedIn

TEMPERATURE TRIGGER. “In some animals, including turtles and crocodiles, the temperature at which an egg hatches determines sexual identity and this is called Environmental Sex Determination (ESD) to distinguish it from Chromosomal Sex Determination (CSD).” https://lnkd.in/dn4azG7 View in LinkedIn

FUNGAL MATING TRANSITIONS. “The transition from tetrapolar to bipolar has occurred several times independently in the Basidiomycota, and other examples include Ustilago hordei and Malassezia species.” https://lnkd.in/dn4azG7 View in LinkedIn

ADVANTAGEOUS SYSTEM. “It is thought to be these differences in the frequency of outcrossing and inbreeding that provided the evolutionary pressure for transitions between bipolar and tetrapolar mating systems.” https://lnkd.in/dn4azG7 View in LinkedIn

FUNGAL ADVANTAGE. “Because any given progeny is only interfertile with 25 % of its siblings (A1B2 can mate with A2B1 but not with A1B1 or A2B2), the tetrapolar configuration not only promotes outcrossing but also leads to inbreeding depression.” https://lnkd.in/dn4azG7 View in LinkedIn

FUNGAL DIVERSE PROGENY. “On the other hand, from any given cross, say A1B1 by A2B2, because two MAT loci segregate independently four different types of progeny are produced (A1B1, A2B2, A1B2, and A2B1) and these systems are therefore called tetrapolar mating systems.” https://lnkd.in/dn4azG7 View in LinkedIn

FUNGI AVOID INBREEDING. “Because there are thousands of different mating types, most encounters between isolates in nature will be fertile, and this drives the frequency of outbreeding to >99 %.” https://lnkd.in/dn4azG7 View in LinkedIn

SPECIFICS OF SOME EXOTIC FUNGI. “In many species, both loci are multiallelic, and as a result there are many different mating types. Both loci must differ for productive mating and thus an isolate of A1B1 mating type can mate with an isolate of A2B2 mating type, but not with isolates that are A1B2 or A2B1.” https://lnkd.in/dn4azG7 View in LinkedIn

EXOTIC FUNGI. “In these species there are two loci that lie unlinked on different chromosomes that specify mating type. These are called the A and B MAT loci, and one encodes the homeodomain factors, and the other encodes pheromones and pheromone receptors (which locus encodes which genes depends on the species, because these loci were named historically as they were discovered genetically long before their molecular basis was elucidated).” https://lnkd.in/dn4azG7 View in LinkedIn