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PART OF A SERIES OF EXPERIMENTS. “Previously, researches have already collected cosmic dust on the ISS, trying to find the ionosphere bacteria from the lower atmosphere. For this task, in the experiment «Tanpopo» a special collector of cosmic dust on the basis of hydrophobic aerogel was constructed on the Japanese segment of the ISS.” https://lnkd.in/dNHWs6R View in LinkedIn

FIRST HYPOTHESIS. “We might conjecture that viable forms or at least intact DNA can be transferred to the ISS orbit with the ascending branch of the global electric circuit (GEC).” https://lnkd.in/dNHWs6R View in LinkedIn

FIVE YEAR GAP. “Cosmonaut Misurkin A. A. (a crew member of the expedition 36) during his spacewalk (22.08.2013) collected the samples of space dust using the tampon from the sampler “TEST” (Central Research Institute of Machine Building).” https://lnkd.in/dNHWs6R View in LinkedIn

TWO YEAR MINIMAL SPACE SURVIVAL. “Results of these experiments confirmed the possibility of organisms preserving viability in the open space for a minimum of two years, and this gave rise to an interest in the question of living organisms being transferred from the stratosphere to the near-Earth space.” https://lnkd.in/dNHWs6R View in LinkedIn

RUSSIAN PUBLICATION: “The DNA of Bacteria of the World Ocean and the Earth in Cosmic Dust at the International Space Station. By T. V. Grebennikova, A. V. Syroeshkin, E. V. Shubralova, O. V. Eliseeva, L. V. Kostina, N. Y. Kulikova, O. E. Latyshev, M. A. Morozova, A. G. Yuzhakov, I. A. Zlatskiy, M. A. Chichaeva, and O. S. Tsygankov.” (April 2018). https://lnkd.in/dNHWs6R View in LinkedIn

SPACE SURVIVAL CONFIRMATIONS. “From the time of the first orbiting satellites to modern projects experiments in open space have shown extraordinary, possibly months-long resilience and survival of different taxonomic groups in the damaging radiation of near space.” https://lnkd.in/dNHWs6R View in LinkedIn

FRAGMENT FROM NATURE for this and next weekend focuses on a stunning Russian publication documenting microorganisms collected from the outside of the International Space Station during a spacewalk. Unlike their American counterparts, the Russians have maintained a strong public interest in exploring life in space, and this is an extremely important publication. The samples were collected in 2013, and the publication came out in 2018. View in LinkedIn

STRATOSPHERIC ORGANISMS. “Aerobiological studies have also shown the existence of active and dormant forms of bacterial and fungal spores in the stratosphere, for example, Micrococcus luteum, Mycobacterium albus, Circinella muscae, Aspergillus niger, Papulaspora anomala, Penicillium notatum; Bacillus simplex, Staphylococcus pasteuri, Engyodontium album; Deinococcus aetherius; and Bacillus isronensis.” https://lnkd.in/dNHWs6R View in LinkedIn

Limestone marker of lost significance near the Girona cathedral. View in LinkedIn

LICHENS SURVIVED 1.5 YEARS IN SPACE. “Thus Antarctic rocks colonized by lichens and fungi (Stihosotskus sp. and Acarospora sp.) were placed for 1.5 years on the ISS, simulating conditions on Mars, and then investigated by molecular methods. It was determined that extraterrestrial ultraviolet (UV) emission of sun (λ ≥ 110 nm) and also Martian UV (λ ≥ 200 nm) are the most harmful factors. However, even after such treatment, there remained a small percentage of live spores.” https://lnkd.in/dNHWs6R View in LinkedIn