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NEEDING EXPLANATION. “The bacteria survival during the transfer from the Earth’s surface to the ionosphere is a particular problem. Intact DNA of the genera Delftia and Mycobacteria detected in this paper may indirectly indicate the intactness of the whole cell; otherwise the formation of thymine dimers would make the PCR conducting impossible. However, this issue needs further explorations.” https://lnkd.in/dNHWs6R View in LinkedIn

Nature art in the morning frost. View in LinkedIn

“Curiouser and curiouser!”" "― Lewis Carroll, Alice in Wonderland https://lnkd.in/dbjJXhS View in LinkedIn

POSSIBILITY. “The presence of the DNA of wild terrestrial and marine species of bacteria on the surface of the ISS indicates their possible transfer from the stratosphere to the ionosphere with the ascending branch of the global electric circuit although the details of the process have not been worked out.” https://lnkd.in/dNHWs6R View in LinkedIn

Second nature art project near the Girona cathedral. View in LinkedIn

SO ENDS this second week on the extraordinary Russian ISS finding of intact microorganisms outside the space station. Whether by Earth updraft, which they suggest is unlikely, or by origin in space, the result is the finding of life in outer space, and opens the door to the question of duration and boundaries for such creatures. As it is probable that multicellular life began from these kinds of microorganisms, their presence in space is a game changer of enormous proportions. View in LinkedIn

INTACT LICHEN PHOTOSYNTHESIS. “In addition, when photosynthesis was specifically studied, activity was demonstrated post-exposure with high viability of algal cells and low rates of impairment. However, a strong impairment of both photosynthesis and photoprotective mechanisms was observed when isolated alga were irradiated emphasizing the importance of the protection afforded within the lichen symbiosis resulting from morphological adaptation, the presence of lichen compounds, and the ability of lichens to survive desiccation.” https://lnkd.in/dnvYcSS View in LinkedIn

LONG TERM LICHEN SURVIVAL. “Lichens in space are exposed to the combined effects of insolation, UV irradiation, cosmic radiation, extremely low temperatures, and a vacuum. Hence, after long-term exposure of 559 days to these conditions, Xanthoria elegans (Link) Th. Fr. showed considerable resistance with post-exposure activity 50–80% that of previous values in the alga and 60–90% in the fungus. Growth and proliferation of isolated algal cells were also demonstrated after exposure.” https://lnkd.in/dnvYcSS View in LinkedIn