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STORM DYNAMICS. “During storms, the plasmapause moves inward due to the enhanced solar wind driving, while a drainage plume develops in the dusk sector. Within this plume, the cold plasma flows outward toward the magnetopause thus escaping from the plasmasphere.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

DYNAMIC PLASMASPHERE. “During magnetic quiescence, the plasmasphere is expanded and the plasmapause can be located outside geostationary orbit. Particularly during low magnetic activity conditions, there is significant variability in the plasmapause location.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

GIANT GYRES. “Statistical studies have shown that the position of the plasmapause is correlated with geomagnetic activity, being at smaller radial distances during higher levels of activity. This can be understood by the enhanced convection electric field moving the boundary between the convection-dominated outer region and the co-rotation-dominated inner region closer to the Earth.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

PLASMAPAUSE. “The location of the outer boundary of the plasmasphere, the plasmapause, is controlled by the relative intensities of the solar wind-imposed electric field and the co-rotation electric field. Although roughly circular in shape, the plasmapause often shows an elongation in the duskside, following the general electric field pattern.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

COSMIC BLANKET. “The plasmasphere encircling the Earth is formed by cold ionospheric plasma flowing outward along magnetic field lines. At low latitudes, close to the Earth, magnetic flux tubes follow drift paths that co-rotate with the Earth and therefore are filled with escaping ionospheric plasma in time scales of several days.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

MODELS. “There are a number of large-scale magnetospheric magnetic field models that give the field configuration as a function of either solar wind conditions or magnetospheric activity parameters.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

ELECTRON SPEED DRIVERS. “The candidate processes that can account for acceleration of the magnetospheric electrons to relativistic energies can be divided into three major categories: radial diffusion, rapid transport by intense electric field pulses, and local heating via wave-particle interactions.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

WIND DRIVEN ELECTRONS. “This result was later augmented by the understanding that those high-speed streams that were coincident with southward interplanetary magnetic field were more efficient in enhancing the electron fluxes. As southward interplanetary field and high solar wind speed are the main drivers of magnetospheric storm activity, it is not surprising that the average electron flux levels trace geomagnetic activity.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn