Category: Uncategorized

POWER GRID OUTAGES. “In power grids, these geomagnetically induced currents cause saturation of transformers, which tends to distort and increase the excitation current. The excitation current in turn induces harmonics in the electricity, unwanted relay trippings, large reactive power consumption, or voltage fluctuations, which can lead to black-outs or to permanent damage of transformers.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

“SPACE WEATHER effects are seen even on ground, as strong currents in the ionosphere can induce currents in long baseline conductor systems on ground. Affected systems include electric power transmission networks, oil and gas pipelines, telecommunication cables and railways systems.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

THE FRACTAL EQUATION: Take a small number, square it, add the original number, feed back into the original equation, square it, add the original number, ad infinitum. For some numbers nothing happens (ie: 0,1) but for others it grows very quickly and escapes to infinity. This generates infinite complexity from such a simple formula. https://youtu.be/fFyC68CIEio View in LinkedIn

WARNING SYSTEM. “Coronal mass ejection occurrence is routinely recorded and their travel direction determined from solar coronagraph data. Space weather warnings are given for those ICME events that propagate in a direction that probably will lead to encounter with the Earth’s space environment.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

EARLY WARNINGS. “Prediction schemes have been developed based on a combination of earlier values of radiation belt fluxes, and past and present solar wind parameters. When these conditions are compared against a database of earlier driver-effect events, the closest comparison event can be used as a forecast of what lies 24–48 hours ahead.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

OBSERVABILITY. “Thus, it is possible to use the gross behavior of the outer zone electron population on day timescales using a single or a few satellites only.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

COSMIC DRIVERS. “Electron radiation belt climatology has shown that the entire outer radiation zone tends to vary in a relatively coherent way under the influence of major external drivers (high-speed solar wind streams, CMEs, magnetic clouds).” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

COSMIC IMPACT. “The current magnitudes that are a potential risk for a power transmission system are highly dependent on transformer design and on other engineering details of the network. This means that any space weather hazard assessment must include the details of the engineering solutions in the estimates.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn