21Sep 2022 by Nigel Fleming No Comments
linkedin post 2021-01-23 05:28:24

linkedin post 2021-01-23 05:28:24

Uncategorized
COOPERATIVE EFFECTS. “Most biological functions arise from interactions among many components. For example, in the signal transduction system in yeast that converts the detection of a pheromone into the act of mating, there is no single protein responsible for amplifying the input signal provided by the pheromone molecule.” https://www.nature.com/articles/35011540 View in LinkedIn
Read More
21Sep 2022 by Nigel Fleming No Comments
linkedin post 2021-01-23 05:26:36

linkedin post 2021-01-23 05:26:36

Uncategorized
BYZANTINE SYSTEM. “Cells exist far from thermal equilibrium by harvesting energy from their environment. They are composed of thousands of different types of molecule. They contain information for their survival and reproduction, in the form of their DNA. Their interactions with the environment depend in a byzantine fashion on this information, and the information and the machinery that interprets it are replicated by reproducing the cell.” https://www.nature.com/articles/35011540 View in LinkedIn
Read More
21Sep 2022 by Nigel Fleming No Comments
linkedin post 2021-01-23 05:25:17

linkedin post 2021-01-23 05:25:17

Uncategorized
THE ISSUE OF PURPOSE. “Although living systems obey the laws of physics and chemistry, the notion of function or purpose differentiates biology from other natural sciences. Organisms exist to reproduce, whereas, outside religious belief, rocks and stars have no purpose.” https://www.nature.com/articles/35011540 View in LinkedIn
Read More
21Sep 2022 by Nigel Fleming No Comments

linkedin post 2021-01-23 05:39:37

Uncategorized
LANGUAGE AND REALITY. “Russell and Wittgenstein believed that the structure of language mirrors the structure of the external universe independently of mind.”Charles Pinter, Mind and the Cosmic Order, How the Mind Creates the Features & Structure of All Things, and Why this Insight Transforms Physics (an outstanding book). https://lnkd.in/dzVBa7X Charles Pinter, Mind and the Cosmic Order, How the Mind Creates the Features & Structure of All Things, and Why this Insight Transforms Physics View in LinkedIn
Read More
21Sep 2022 by Nigel Fleming No Comments
linkedin post 2021-01-23 05:36:50

linkedin post 2021-01-23 05:36:50

Uncategorized
STABILITY WITH FLEXIBILITY. “Modular structures may facilitate evolutionary change. Embedding particular functions in discrete modules allows the core function of a module to be robust to change, but allows for changes in the properties and functions of a cell (its phenotype) by altering the connections between different modules.” https://www.nature.com/articles/35011540 View in LinkedIn
Read More
21Sep 2022 by Nigel Fleming No Comments
linkedin post 2021-01-23 05:36:10

linkedin post 2021-01-23 05:36:10

Uncategorized
MASTER MODULE ISSUE. “Does cellular integration merely emerge from a web of pairwise connections between different sensory modules, or are there specific modules that act as a cellular equivalent of the central nervous system — integrating information and resolving conflicts?” https://www.nature.com/articles/35011540 View in LinkedIn
Read More
21Sep 2022 by Nigel Fleming No Comments
linkedin post 2021-01-23 05:35:11

linkedin post 2021-01-23 05:35:11

Uncategorized
THE MANY INPUTS PROBLEM. “One must also ask how a cell integrates information and instructions that come from the many different modules that monitor its internal and external environment. Neurobiology has an analogous problem, where the central nervous system integrates information from different senses and dictates the organism's behaviour.” https://www.nature.com/articles/35011540 View in LinkedIn
Read More
21Sep 2022 by Nigel Fleming No Comments
linkedin post 2021-01-23 05:34:34

linkedin post 2021-01-23 05:34:34

Uncategorized
MODULAR HIERARCHIES. “The function of a module can be quantitatively regulated, or switched between qualitatively different functions, by chemical signals from other modules. Higher-level functions can be built by connecting modules together.” https://www.nature.com/articles/35011540 View in LinkedIn
Read More
21Sep 2022 by Nigel Fleming No Comments
linkedin post 2021-01-23 05:33:04

linkedin post 2021-01-23 05:33:04

Uncategorized
VALIDITY OF MODULES. “Some modules, such as those for protein synthesis, DNA replication, glycolysis, and even parts of the mitotic spindle (the cellular machinery that ensures the correct distribution of chromosomes at cell division), have been successfully reconstituted in vitro. Others are intrinsically more difficult to reconstruct from purified components and, for these, other methods have established the validity of the module.” https://www.nature.com/articles/35011540 View in LinkedIn
Read More