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SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLE COULD HAVE INFLUENCE EARLY EART EVOLUTION. “Traditionally, the Sun was thought to be the only astronomical source of light that affected life on Earth. But it is also possible that the black hole, SgrA played an important role in shaping the history of terrestrial life. A surprising realization of this sort is similar to figuring out that a stranger might have impacted your family history before you were born. If a link between SgrA* and terrestrial life can be established, then this supermassive black hole might trigger a second Nobel Prize.” (By Harvard Astronomy Chair, Abraham Loeb). https://lnkd.in/d3h297W View in LinkedIn

ALICE IN WONDERLAND. “If the SQM hypothesis is correct, then all observed pulsars may actually be SSs but not neutron stars, due to the contamination process by strange nuggets in the universe. SSs can exist in various forms, such as bare SSs or SSs with a normal baryonic crust.” (SQM = Strange-quark matter). (SS = strange stars). https://lnkd.in/ddQpCwa View in LinkedIn

MAGNETIC FIELDS. Planet Magnetic Field Strength Relative to Earth: Earth =1; Saturn = 600; Uranus = 50; Neptune = 25. https://lnkd.in/dEgBkgy View in LinkedIn

NEUTRON STAR CORES. “Ordinary nuclei, made up of up and down quarks, may dissolve their boundaries and transit to an SQM phase (consisting of up, down, and strange quarks) if the nuclei experience high-enough pressure. Strange matter in bulk is stable. Even small chunks of strange matter with baryon number lower than 10(7), called "strangelets," can be stable due to surface tension.” (SQM = Strange-quark matter). https://lnkd.in/ddQpCwa View in LinkedIn

PLASMA LAB. “The magnetospheres of planets in our solar system can therefore be considered as big plasma laboratories with conditions which are not attainable at Earth.” https://lnkd.in/dVhpP9H View in LinkedIn

RESORTING TO MATHS. “Various calculations have been performed which indicate phase transitions from hadronic to quark matter in the core of massive neutron stars, in neutron star mergers or even in core collapse supernovae of very massive stars.” https://lnkd.in/dF38pNe View in LinkedIn

CHARGED PARTICLES. “The magnetosphere traps many particles near the planet and, more importantly, shields most of the planet from the solar wind flux. Charged particles in the planetary magnetospheres can originate from different sources and are generated by a large variety of mechanisms. For instance, neutral particles can escape the atmosphere of a planet or can be knocked off its atmosphere or surface of a moon. These particles can be ionized due to UV radiation from the sun or collisions with other particles and also contribute to planetary plasmas.” https://lnkd.in/dVhpP9H View in LinkedIn

UNKNOWN STATES OF MATTER. “The structure of the QCD phase diagram in the region of large baryon chemical potential is essentially unknown. Exotic phases of QCD matter have been proposed, such as quarkyonic matter, which can be considered as a Fermi gas of free quarks, with all thermal excitations permanently confined. In addition to these conjectured landmarks, figure 1 indicates also the regions of cosmic matter like neutron stars and neutron star mergers, which are located at large baryon-chemical potentials, low temperatures, and finite isospin chemical potentials.” (QCD = quark matter). https://lnkd.in/dF38pNe View in LinkedIn

PLANETARY MAGNETIC FIELDS. “Their undisturbed fields can be described in first order as dipolar fields. The region which is dominated by the planetary magnetic field is called the magnetosphere. Its dominating pressure is exerted by the magnetic field and the trapped charged particles within the magnetosphere while in the surrounding interplanetary space the dominant pressure is created by the solar wind. This external pressure compresses the planetary dipolar field at the dayside and forms a long magnetotail on the nightside.” https://lnkd.in/dVhpP9H View in LinkedIn

SIMULATIONS. “Laboratory experiments with high-energetic heavy-ion collisions offer the opportunity to explore fundamental properties of nuclear matter, such as the high-density equation-of-state, which governs the structure and dynamics of cosmic objects and phenomena like neutron stars, supernova explosions, and neutron star mergers.” https://lnkd.in/dF38pNe View in LinkedIn