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PLASMA LAB. “The magnetospheres of planets in our solar system can therefore be considered as big plasma laboratories with conditions which are not attainable at Earth.” https://lnkd.in/dVhpP9H View in LinkedIn

RESORTING TO MATHS. “Various calculations have been performed which indicate phase transitions from hadronic to quark matter in the core of massive neutron stars, in neutron star mergers or even in core collapse supernovae of very massive stars.” https://lnkd.in/dF38pNe View in LinkedIn

CHARGED PARTICLES. “The magnetosphere traps many particles near the planet and, more importantly, shields most of the planet from the solar wind flux. Charged particles in the planetary magnetospheres can originate from different sources and are generated by a large variety of mechanisms. For instance, neutral particles can escape the atmosphere of a planet or can be knocked off its atmosphere or surface of a moon. These particles can be ionized due to UV radiation from the sun or collisions with other particles and also contribute to planetary plasmas.” https://lnkd.in/dVhpP9H View in LinkedIn

UNKNOWN STATES OF MATTER. “The structure of the QCD phase diagram in the region of large baryon chemical potential is essentially unknown. Exotic phases of QCD matter have been proposed, such as quarkyonic matter, which can be considered as a Fermi gas of free quarks, with all thermal excitations permanently confined. In addition to these conjectured landmarks, figure 1 indicates also the regions of cosmic matter like neutron stars and neutron star mergers, which are located at large baryon-chemical potentials, low temperatures, and finite isospin chemical potentials.” (QCD = quark matter). https://lnkd.in/dF38pNe View in LinkedIn

PLANETARY MAGNETIC FIELDS. “Their undisturbed fields can be described in first order as dipolar fields. The region which is dominated by the planetary magnetic field is called the magnetosphere. Its dominating pressure is exerted by the magnetic field and the trapped charged particles within the magnetosphere while in the surrounding interplanetary space the dominant pressure is created by the solar wind. This external pressure compresses the planetary dipolar field at the dayside and forms a long magnetotail on the nightside.” https://lnkd.in/dVhpP9H View in LinkedIn

SIMULATIONS. “Laboratory experiments with high-energetic heavy-ion collisions offer the opportunity to explore fundamental properties of nuclear matter, such as the high-density equation-of-state, which governs the structure and dynamics of cosmic objects and phenomena like neutron stars, supernova explosions, and neutron star mergers.” https://lnkd.in/dF38pNe View in LinkedIn

HIGH DENSITY QUARK MATTER. “The exploration of strongly interacting matter under extreme conditions is one of the most exciting research programs of modern nuclear physics. The recent discoveries of neutron star mergers and supermassive neutron stars challenge our knowledge on high-density QCD matter, like its equation-of-state (EOS) and the microscopic degrees-of-freedom.” (QCD = quark matter). https://lnkd.in/dF38pNe View in LinkedIn

QUARK STARS “Neutron stars with large quark cores corresponding to more than one fourth of the total star mass are possible if the energy density gap and the pressure at transition are below 100 MeV/fm3.” https://lnkd.in/dBBmKNh View in LinkedIn

A curiously torsioned archway that further curves within the passeageway (Girona). View in LinkedIn

DOGGER BANK, “In the 1830s, small sailing vessels on the Dogger could catch a tonne of halibut per day. Today, the entire fishing fleet catches less than two tonnes a year.” https://lnkd.in/d5UYBUf View in LinkedIn