QED. “Thus, we report the existence of a phosphate-independent core metabolic network reachable from simple putative prebiotic compounds.” https://lnkd.in/dcwZe7b View in LinkedIn
MINERAL ROOTS. “One fundamental property we focused on is the reliance of these enzymes on iron-sulfur or metal coenzymes, reflecting the notion that modern biochemistry emerged from mineral geochemistry and that metal-based cofactors in modern day enzymes represent a living relic of this contingency.” https://lnkd.in/dcwZe7b View in LinkedIn
METABOLIC BUILDING BLOCKS. “Intermediates in the degradation and biosynthesis of more complex biomolecules are also observed; 5,6-dihydrouracil is an oxidized catabolic product of uracil and pyrrole is the basic building block for complex heterocyclic aromatic rings like heme” https://lnkd.in/dcwZe7b View in LinkedIn
KEY REACTIONS. “In this network, building upon a core carbon, energy and nitrogen metabolism, hydrogen sulfide enables the production of sulfur-containing heterogeneous peptides like glutathione, as well as thioester derivatives like S-formyl and S-succinyl glutathione.” https://lnkd.in/dcwZe7b View in LinkedIn
EXPERIMENTAL CORROBORATION. “In addition to a diverse central carbon metabolism, half of the proteinogenic amino acids (G, A, D, N, E, Q, S, T, C, and H) are producible, representing six of the ten amino acids observed in the Miller-Urey experiment.” https://lnkd.in/dcwZe7b View in LinkedIn
ADEQUATE BREADTH. “Enrichment for reactions involved in heterotrophic carbon utilization was also observed within pathways for one-carbon (serine pathway) and two-carbon assimilation (Krebs cycle, methylaspartate, and glyoxylate cycle).” https://lnkd.in/dcwZe7b View in LinkedIn
WHERE MATH FAILS. “Classical GR governs the evolution of black holes for a long time, but at some exponentially large time it must break down. The breakdown, and what comes after it, is not well understood.” (GR = General Relativity). https://lnkd.in/d3Fw6gf View in LinkedIn
AMPLITUDE. “Further analysis showed significant enrichment for metabolites/reactions involved in various carbon fixation pathways, including the dicarboxylate-hydroxybutyrate cycle, the hydroxypropionate bi-cycle, and the reductive TCA cycle, which has been previously proposed as a primitive carbon fixation pathway in ancient autotrophs.” https://lnkd.in/dcwZe7b View in LinkedIn
POWERFUL TOOL. “Overall, IMBHs are a fundamental key to understanding the formation, growth, and evolution of SMBHs and of the overall black hole population in the universe. LISA’s ability to detect IMBH mergers across most of cosmic time, combined with the prowess of EM observations, will be sure to answer crucial questions as well as pose new ones.” (IMBHs = intermediate mass black holes; SMBH = supermassive black holes; LISA = The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna; EM = electromagnetic). https://lnkd.in/dYX7TQV View in LinkedIn
ENRICHMENT. “This core, phosphate-independent network is significantly enriched with reactions within primary metabolic pathways such as amino acid biosynthesis, pyruvate metabolism, glyoxylate/dicarboxylate, and the TCA cycle, as well as intermediary metabolic pathways such as C5-branched dibasic metabolism.” https://lnkd.in/dcwZe7b View in LinkedIn