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BRIDGE TO THE PRESENT. “While we cannot rule out possible alternative interpretations of our findings, such as a gradually evolved reliance on metabolic routes that make minimal use of phosphate, it is interesting to ask whether our result could help bridge a fundamental gap between geochemistry and biochemistry.” https://lnkd.in/dcwZe7b View in LinkedIn

QED. “Thus, we report the existence of a phosphate-independent core metabolic network reachable from simple putative prebiotic compounds.” https://lnkd.in/dcwZe7b View in LinkedIn

MINERAL ROOTS. “One fundamental property we focused on is the reliance of these enzymes on iron-sulfur or metal coenzymes, reflecting the notion that modern biochemistry emerged from mineral geochemistry and that metal-based cofactors in modern day enzymes represent a living relic of this contingency.” https://lnkd.in/dcwZe7b View in LinkedIn

METABOLIC BUILDING BLOCKS. “Intermediates in the degradation and biosynthesis of more complex biomolecules are also observed; 5,6-dihydrouracil is an oxidized catabolic product of uracil and pyrrole is the basic building block for complex heterocyclic aromatic rings like heme” https://lnkd.in/dcwZe7b View in LinkedIn

KEY REACTIONS. “In this network, building upon a core carbon, energy and nitrogen metabolism, hydrogen sulfide enables the production of sulfur-containing heterogeneous peptides like glutathione, as well as thioester derivatives like S-formyl and S-succinyl glutathione.” https://lnkd.in/dcwZe7b View in LinkedIn

EXPERIMENTAL CORROBORATION. “In addition to a diverse central carbon metabolism, half of the proteinogenic amino acids (G, A, D, N, E, Q, S, T, C, and H) are producible, representing six of the ten amino acids observed in the Miller-Urey experiment.” https://lnkd.in/dcwZe7b View in LinkedIn

DEFINITION. “Past and future infinity represent complexity equilibrium and the rest of the diagram represents the complexity version of the extreme Boltzmann fluctuation.” (“Time present and time past/Are both perhaps present in time future,/And time future contained in time past.” TSE, Four Quartets). https://lnkd.in/d3Fw6gf View in LinkedIn

THE END OF SPACETIME. “The meaning of the spacetime behind the horizon of a black hole has often been a subject of controversy. One extreme view is that the world simply ends at the horizon; everything else is an unphysical figment. This view leaves unanswered the question of why classical general relativity predicts a smooth global continuation past the horizon.” https://lnkd.in/d3Fw6gf View in LinkedIn

DEFINITION. “The growth of complexity has to do with the growing separation of the initial and evolving states in the complexity metric.” https://lnkd.in/d3Fw6gf View in LinkedIn

BLACK HOLE TRAPDOORS. “We have little or no knowledge about how wormholes evolve over very long periods of time, but we do know something about how complexity evolves. One can hope to leverage this knowledge into a theory of wormhole evolution.” https://lnkd.in/d3Fw6gf View in LinkedIn