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FIGURE 6. “The picture shows eight anyon smallest subunits in biology. The telomere is a biological clock subunit; it is equivalent to the modulus part in a moduli state space model.” https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/8/1214/htm View in LinkedIn

THE SENSE OF SELF. “For a long time, scientists have been trying to understand the source of self and nonself authentication keys for cancer cells and the immune system’s recognition cells. It might be related to information encryption inside 64 codons and a (CG)n repeated sequence in the non-protein-coding DNA as key pairs of a biological cipher in the cancer quantum public-key cryptosystem—some information from the genus of an ancient organism. “ https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/8/1214/htm View in LinkedIn

METHOD. “The key role of this approach is the use of the Chern–Simons current and then the fiber bundle representation of the genetic code that allows a quantization procedure.” https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/8/1214/htm View in LinkedIn

CANCER MARKERS. “A quantum biological cryptosystem is used to detect cancer signatures in 36 genotypes of the bone ALX1 cancer gene. The loop braid group with the RSA algorithm is applied for the calculation of public and private keys as cancer signatures in genes.” https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/8/1214/htm View in LinkedIn

QUANTUM BIOLOGY. “We apply the loop braid group for biology and authentication in quantum cryptography to understand the cell cocycle and division mechanism of telomerase aging. “ https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/8/1214/htm View in LinkedIn

LOOP BRAID GROUP ELEMENTS. “This smallest subunit, or a flying ring in our definition, is a representation of 8-spinor field in the supermanifold of the genetic code. The image of spectral analysis from the tensor correlation of mutation genes as our biological system is produced.” https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/8/1214/htm View in LinkedIn

SMALLEST UNIT OF THE GENETIC CODE. “The source of cancerous mutations and the relationship to telomeres is explained in an alternative way. We define the smallest subunit in the genetic code as a loop braid group element. The loop braid group is suitable to be defined as a configuration space in the process of converting the information written in the DNA into the structure of a folded protein.” https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/8/1214/htm View in LinkedIn

A TELOMERE “is a region of repetitive nucleotide sequences associated with specialized proteins at the ends of linear chromosomes. Although there are different architectures, telomeres, in a broad sense, are a widespread genetic feature most commonly found in eukaryotes. Telomere shortening in humans can induce replicative senescence, which blocks cell division. This mechanism appears to prevent genomic instability and development of cancer in human aged cells by limiting the number of cell divisions.” https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telomere View in LinkedIn