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ENERGY FROM STAR FORMATION. “Observations with the successor to IRAS, the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) in the mid 1990's indicated that most of the energy from low-redshift ULIRGs is likely generated by star-formation.” (ULIRGs = UltraLuminous InfraRed Galaxies. https://lnkd.in/dAkZ_ejH View in LinkedIn

ENERGY FROM NUCLEOSYNTHESIS. “If accretion and nucleosynthesis were to generate the same amount of energy during the formation of a galaxy, then the ratio of mass contained in both processed stars and stellar remnants to that of a supermassive black hole is expected to be about 0.1 BH / 0.007 *. For * = 0.4 and BH = 1, this ratio is about 36.” https://lnkd.in/dAkZ_ejH View in LinkedIn

STELLAR ELEMENT FACTORIES. “When hydrogen is processed in stellar nucleosynthesis, the mass-energy conversion efficiency is about 0.007 *, where * ( 0.4) is the fraction of hydrogen burned in high-mass stars. When mass is accreted onto a black hole, the mass-energy conversion efficiency is expected to be about 0.1 BH, with BH ~ 1 with the definition above.” https://lnkd.in/dAkZ_ejH View in LinkedIn

GEOMETRY DEPENDENT. “If the geometry of absorbing and scattering material is known or assumed, then radiative transfer models can be used to predict the SED of a galaxy, which should differ depending on whether the source of heating is a very small AGN with a very hard UV SED, or a more extended, softer-spectrum nuclear star-forming region. Note that the results are expected to be very sensitive to the assumed geometry.” (AGN = active galactic nuclei; UV = ultraviolet; SED = spectral energy distributions). https://lnkd.in/dAkZ_ejH View in LinkedIn

PHYLOGENETIC STUDIES. “Shortly thereafter, researchers compared the DNA sequence of this gene in multiple human populations with that of the mouse and chimpanzee (and other apes).” https://lnkd.in/dTkGwcGB View in LinkedIn

ENERGY SOURCE. “It is plausible that a significant fraction of the energy could be derived from an AGN surrounded by a very great column density of gas and dust that imposes many tens of magnitudes of extinction on the emission from the AGN in the optical and UV wavebands, and which remains optically thick even at near-IR wavelengths.“ (AGN = active galactic nuclei; UV = ultraviolet; IR = infrared). https://lnkd.in/dAkZ_ejH View in LinkedIn

CANDIDATE SEQUENCED. “The isolation of the gene to a particular region of chromosome 7, aided by the fortuitous discovery of an unrelated individual with similar symptoms and a closely-related mutation, allowed researchers to finally isolate and sequence the FOXP2 gene.” https://lnkd.in/dTkGwcGB View in LinkedIn

PANPSYCHISM. “Together with the thesis of computational sufficiency, this would imply that a rock has a mind, and possesses many properties characteristic of human mentality.” Read carefully, a deadly serious proposition, that if correct, is the start of a paradigm change. https://lnkd.in/gz4_FJeX View in LinkedIn

DISEASE KNOCKOUTS. “However, the correction of this misinterpretation in no way diminishes the importance of FOXP2, given the importance of increased oro-motor control in the evolution of spoken language. Studies of affected members using noninvasive brain imaging have already begun to uncover the anatomical and physiological underpinnings of the deficits caused by the mutated allele.” https://lnkd.in/dTkGwcGB View in LinkedIn

THE MODERN QUESTION. “Where does the mind stop and the rest of the world begin? Some accept the boundaries of skin and skull, and say what is outside the body is outside the mind.” (David Chalmers). https://lnkd.in/gJgsdgxu View in LinkedIn