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CHURCHILL'S GERM WARFARE R&D. "With the onset of WWII, the Ministry of Supply in the United Kingdom established a BW programme at Porton Down ... The research was championed by Winston Churchill and soon tularemia, anthrax, brucellosis, and botulism toxins had been effectively weaponized. In particular, Gruinard Island in Scotland, during a series of extensive tests was contaminated with anthrax for the next 48 years." http://lnkd.in/dFHK9z5 View in LinkedIn

SEMIPALATINSK TEST SITE. "The Soviet Union conducted 456 nuclear tests at Semipalatinsk from 1949 until 1989 with little regard for their effect on the local people or environment. The full impact of radiation exposure was hidden for many years by Soviet authorities and has only come to light since the test site closed in 1991. From 1996 to 2012, a secret joint operation of Kazakh, Russian, and American nuclear scientists and engineers secured the waste plutonium in the tunnels of the mountains." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semipalatinsk_Test_Site View in LinkedIn

HARD TO ANTICIPATE THE UNKNOWABLE. "Congress ... tried to prepare by creating finite lists of known pathogens and toxins and developing measures to surveil, police, and counter them; But in the new biology world, scientists can now create life themselves and learn about it from the inside. "What we have done so far is going to blow your freakin' mind." (Venter). http://lnkd.in/dyGvsfW View in LinkedIn

CONTAMINATED TESTING SITE. "The Edgewood area of the Aberdeen Proving Ground site was proposed to the Environmental Protection Agency's National Priorities List of the most serious uncontrolled or abandoned hazardous waste sites requiring long term remedial action on April 10, 1985 ... Virtually all the land areas of the site contain contaminated or potentially contaminated sites and potentially buried ordnance. Substances disposed of in the area include significant quantities of napalm, white phosphorus, and chemical agents. On-site surface waters include rivers, streams, and wetlands." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aberdeen_Proving_Ground View in LinkedIn

BIOSECURITY LAG."As the scientific community has started debating "human-directed evolution," the biosecurity establishment remains behind the curve." http://lnkd.in/dyGvsfW View in LinkedIn

OPEN AIR TESTS. "Carroll Island was used as a testing location for open air static testing of chemical weapons since the 1950s ... from July 1, 1964 to December 31, 1971 nearly 6-1/2 tons of chemicals were disseminated on the test area including 4,600 pounds of irritants, 655 pounds of anticholinesterase compounds such as the nerve gasses Sarin and VX, and 263 pounds of incapacitants such as LSD. Simulant agents, incendiaries, decontaminating compounds, signaling and screening smokes, mustard, and herbicides were also released as well as riot control gasses." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aberdeen_Proving_Ground View in LinkedIn

SCATHING CRITICISM IF PENTAGON VACCINE PROGRAM FOR BW THREAT. http://lnkd.in/djvQddEhttp://lnkd.in/d8k9gnx View in LinkedIn

ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND. "From 1955 to 1975, the U.S. Army Chemical Corps conducted classified medical studies at Edgewood Arsenal, Maryland. The purpose was to evaluate the impact of low-dose chemical warfare agents on military personnel and to test protective clothing and pharmaceuticals. About 7,000 soldiers took part in these experiments that involved exposures to more than 250 different chemicals ... long-term follow-up was not planned as part of the DoD studies." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aberdeen_Proving_Ground View in LinkedIn

SCATHING CRITIQUE BY EXPERTS in 2001 of the Pentagon's vaccine program for biological attacks. Vaccines were and still are the cornerstone of the defense strategy of the US. The program was "insufficient and will fail", was the conclusion. By 2006, critics of the anthrax vaccine program remained scathing, including John Richardson, who is a retired USAF Reserve lieutenant colonel, who served as a policy analyst on the Joint Staff (J-5). http://lnkd.in/djvQddEhttp://lnkd.in/d8k9gnx View in LinkedIn

DOUGWAY STILL ACTIVE IN 2011. "Reports of certain nerve agents such as tetrodotoxin, and datura stramonium, have been tested at this military base. The complete nerve agent was code-named "VX"—one of a series of "V" nerve agents tested at the base. On January 27, 2011, the Dugway Proving Grounds was put on full lockdown for several hours, as an investigation into missing vials of the agent was undertaken. It was eventually recovered, and the incident was described simply as a mislabeling problem." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dugway_Proving_Ground View in LinkedIn