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ALMOST ALL MEAT IS ARTIFICIALLY INSEMINATED. "100 percent of commercially raised turkeys in the U.S. (save for heritage turkeys) are born from artificial insemination. for the past 150 years, fish farming has been harvesting eggs from the female, and mixing them with milk (sperm) from the males." Zero percent of chickens are AI due to sheer numbers. http://lnkd.in/bWVC4Uk View in LinkedIn

HUMAN OVA BANKS. "There are currently very few ova banks in existence. It can be expected however that ova collection will become more important in the future, i.e. for third party reproduction, and/or for producing stem cells, i.e. from unfertilized eggs (oocytes)." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ova_bank View in LinkedIn

ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION IN CATTLE. "More than 88 million cattle had been subjected to A.I. in 1970. Of these, Europe ... the United States, Canada, New Zealand, Australia and Japan accounted for 73 million and the rest of the world for about 15 million ... the total number of artificially inseminated cattle and buffaloes in the world ...120 million a year." http://lnkd.in/bKuSqwS View in LinkedIn

HUMAN SPERM AND OVA BANKS. There are two main reasons for these banks: infertile couples wanting help with pregnancy, and generation of stem cells. They are controversial, and bear past stigmas of eugenics. Societies are very much more sensitive about interfering with human reproduction than animal or plant reproduction. View in LinkedIn

MOST FARM ANIMALS ARE ARTIFICIALLY INSEMINATED: "the most commonly used method of breeding food production animals in developed countries, with more than 90% pigs and almost the same proportion of dairy cattle bred by this method in the European Union and North America." http://www.intechopen.com/books/artificial-insemination-in-farm-animals/artificial-insemination-current-and-future-trends View in LinkedIn

ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION "is used in many non-human animals, including sheep, horses, cattle, pigs, dogs, pedigree animals generally, zoo animals, turkeys and even honeybees." Turkeys are reportedly now so inbred they cannot breed unaided. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_insemination View in LinkedIn

HISTORY OF ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION IN ANIMALS. This was the first biotechnology experiment applied to the rational improvement of farm animals. http://lnkd.in/brDeFaA View in LinkedIn

ANIMAL ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION has been applied almost ubiquitously in farm animals and as a result, an enormous clinical experience has accumulated in this sector, offering curious insights to the practice. View in LinkedIn

GENETIC VS GESTATIONAL SURROGATE. "A genetic surrogate essentially donates her own egg and is inseminated with the sperm of the commissioning man. A gestational surrogate has an embryo inserted into her uterus following IVF. The embryo is produced with the egg and sperm of the commissioning couple, or in some cases, donated gametes." http://www.parl.gc.ca/Content/LOP/ResearchPublications/prb0035-e.htm View in LinkedIn

REPRODUCTIVE OPTIONS. "Twenty years ago, the only reproductive technologies available to infertile couples were artificial insemination and in vitro fertilization. Since that time, there has been an explosion of reproductive and genetic technologies, and a multitude of options are now available both to those with fertility problems." http://www.parl.gc.ca/Content/LOP/ResearchPublications/prb0035-e.htm View in LinkedIn