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"MANY COUNTRIES REGULATE (or provide guidance for) selected DBPs (e.g. trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs)) in water ... However, many of the DBPs that have been evaluated in toxicology studies do not account for the health risks observed in many cancer epidemiology studies." These DBPs are just the tip of the iceberg. http://rsta.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/367/1904/4077.full View in LinkedIn

CHEMISTRY OF TOXICITY. "DBPs are formed through the reaction of a chemical disinfectant (chlorine, chlorine dioxide, chloramines, ozone) with an organic precursor, represented by various components of natural organic matter (NOM), and an inorganic precursor, most often certain halide ions." http://lnkd.in/dFbQ65i View in LinkedIn

"CHLOROFORM typically the most prevalent THM measured in chlorinated water, is probably the most thoroughly studied disinfection byproduct. Toxicological studies have shown that high levels of chloroform can cause cancer in laboratory animals." http://www.waterandhealth.org/drinkingwater/wp.html View in LinkedIn

WHO REPORT ON CHLORINATED WATER cites reports of increased asthma, dermatitis, bladder cancer as well as serum cholesterol and low density lipoproteins due to chlorine exposure in drinking water. http://lnkd.in/dXvsKvD View in LinkedIn

DBP CARCINOGENS IN WATER "chlorinated drinking water accounts for nearly 15 percent of all rectal cancers and nine percent of all bladder cancers ... increases the chances of contracting rectal cancer by 38 percent and contracting bladder cancer by 21 percent ... higher incidence of cancer of the esophagus, rectum, breast, and larynx, as well as Hodgkin’s disease." http://www.alive.com/articles/view/18356/chlorinated_drinking_water View in LinkedIn

CANCER AND CHLORINE BYPRODUCTS. "Epidemiological studies ... concluded that 14 to 16 percent of bladder cancers in Ontario may be attributable to drinking water containing relatively high levels of chlorination byproducts ... has been associated with a 20- to 40-percent increase in the incidence of colon and rectal cancer." http://lnkd.in/dnttzwV View in LinkedIn

PUBLIC WATER STAKEHOLDERS. "EPA has worked collaboratively with stakeholders during the last 10 years in developing the current and forthcoming regulations for disinfection byproducts. These regulations will decrease risks from disinfection byproducts in drinking water nationwide." But where is the action? http://www.epa.gov/dclead/disinfection.htm View in LinkedIn

THE US EPA LIMITS. "A limit of

THE US EPA LIMITS. "A limit of

THE US EPA "used to have a maximum contaminant level goal (MLCG) of zero for chloroform in drinking water due to its potential toxicity .... However, the EPA was forced to remove the zero standard – effective as of May 30, 2000 – after the MCLG was successfully challenged in court by the Chlorine Chemistry Council and the Chemical Manufacturers Association." http://lnkd.in/dRpid4k View in LinkedIn