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PEACOCK CRYSTALS create "blocking and passing bands for photons similar to those of electrons in a semi conducting crystal ... a “partial” band gap, in which light is blocked (and therefore reflected) only at certain polarizations and angles of incident." https://lnkd.in/dQypc_D View in LinkedIn

PEACOCK PHOTONIC CRYSTALS. "A spatially periodic dielectric material (in the case of peacock feather, melanin rods interspaced with air holes and keratin) that inhibits the propagation of light waves at certain frequencies and energies." https://lnkd.in/dQypc_D View in LinkedIn

STRUCTURE OF THE PEACOCK TAIL FEATHER. "A barbule consists of a medullar core ... enclosed by a cortex layer ... the cortex of all differently colored barbules contains a 2D photonic-crystal structure made up of melanin rods connected by keratin." https://lnkd.in/d4FMTAH View in LinkedIn

THE PEACOCK FEATHER "has a central stem with an array of barbs on each side. On each side of a barb there is an array of flat barbules. Each barbule has round indentations ... which disperse the incident light, causing coloration." https://lnkd.in/d4FMTAH View in LinkedIn

"STRUCTURAL COLORS are mainly based on several elementary optical processes including thin-layer interference, diffraction grating, light scattering, photonic crystals ... However, in nature, these processes are somehow mixed together to produce complex optical phenomena." These are responsible for peacock feather colors. http://iopscience.iop.org/0034-4885/71/7/076401 View in LinkedIn

NEWTON'S 1704 "TREATISE ON OPTICS". "Sir Isaac Newton, the 17th- and 18th-century British mathematician and physicist, was among the first to suggest that tiny, layered structures were responsible for producing color in peacock feathers, and other iridescent insects and birds." http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003/10/1016_031017_peacockcolors.html View in LinkedIn

SEMICONDUCTOR REVOLUTION. "Semiconductors have had a monumental impact on our society. You find semiconductors at the heart of microprocessor chips as well as transistors. Anything that's computerized or uses radio waves depends on semiconductors." http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/diode.htm View in LinkedIn

FRAGMENT IN NATURE: a pause in the current tobacco theme to examine briefly something beautiful and interesting from nature. In this case it is peacock feathers and the phenomenon of structural color. Very coincidentally, these phenomena anticipate the design of semiconductors, which changed our modern world. View in LinkedIn

IRIDESCENT COLOR. "Both the submicron regular structure of melanin granules and macroscopic shape/ configuration of barbules contribute to the essential part of the iridescent color in peacock feathers." https://lnkd.in/dyZyb_e View in LinkedIn

SMOKELESS TOBACCO (ST): "There was sufficient evidence that ST use is carcinogenic to humans, with sufficient evidence that "ST causes cancers of the oral cavity and pancreas ... ST use is not associated with statistically significant elevated RRs for heart attack ... ST product use is associated with a slight increase in the risk of stroke mortality." http://www.harmreductionjournal.com/content/8/1/19 View in LinkedIn