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THE BRAIN IN THE GUT. "A wide range of such neurohormones, neurotransmitters, and their receptors—including corticotropin, somatostatin, and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)—are homologous to those found in microorganisms." https://lnkd.in/eDFWAiD View in LinkedIn

STRESS RECEPTIVE. "Different psychological stresses can acutely change the composition and total biomass of the enteric microbiota, initiated through host neurotransmitter receptors present on bacteria themselves that pick up the stress hormones of the host." https://lnkd.in/emBK9UZ View in LinkedIn

THE BRAIN IN THE GUT. "The enteric nervous system uses over 30 neurotransmitters, most of which are the same as those used by the central nervous system, including acetylcholine, dopamine, and serotonin." https://lnkd.in/eDFWAiD View in LinkedIn

BIOME AND STRESS. "The microbiota influences stress reactivity and anxiety-like behavior and regulates the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis setpoint." Densely packed sentence meaning game over in chronic stress, driven by pathogenic bacteria who take central stage and control the host. https://lnkd.in/emBK9UZ View in LinkedIn

BRAIN STRUCTURAL MIMICK. "The enteric nervous system contains support cells which resemble the astroglia in the brain as well as a diffusion barrier around the capillaries surrounding ganglia which resembles the blood-brain barrier of cerebral blood vessels." https://lnkd.in/eDFWAiD View in LinkedIn

STESS IS KEY. "In the presence of host physiological stress many eukaryotic factors are released and detected by Gram-negative bacteria which in return rapidly adapt their physiology." https://lnkd.in/eWQtKdR View in LinkedIn

STESS-TRIGGERED BACTERIA. "Expression of bacterial virulence is also controlled by detection of the eukaryotic messengers released in the micro-environment as endocrine or neuro-endocrine modulators." https://lnkd.in/eWQtKdR View in LinkedIn

ALWAYS WATCHING. Our metabolic status is closely monitored by the normally suppressed population of bad players in the microbiota, looking for the opportune time to exploit us and cause dysbiotic illnesses. https://lnkd.in/eWQtKdR View in LinkedIn

LISTENING IN. "Ample evidence exists showing that eukaryotic signal molecules synthesized and released by the host can activate the virulence of opportunistic pathogens." https://lnkd.in/eWQtKdR View in LinkedIn

DEEP SYMBIOSIS. The enteric nervous system is the target of numerous bacterial metabolites that act on the sympathetic nervous system, serotonin release, memory, the learning process, and even host behavior. A pretty complete list of what defines being human. https://lnkd.in/emBK9UZ View in LinkedIn