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CLOAKING AND TRANSFORMATION OPTICS are a consequence of negative refractive index materials. "John Pendry proposed in 2006 a way of controlling electromagnetic radiation using metamaterials that could obscure objects– transformation optics was born. Pendry et al., showed this theoretically and experimentally in 2010 but there are still many issues before perfect cloaking can be realized." https://lnkd.in/e6UMwZt View in LinkedIn

AS WE STUMBLE FORWARDS in our headlong race in the dark, it turns out that we are actually unexpectedly opening new doors almost every year, revealing possibilities either thought impossible, or not conceived at all. One of these doors is the really remarkable subject of cloaking, made possible only by metamaterials, that do unnatural tricks with light and waves. Onwards into that dim but thrilling room. View in LinkedIn

TERM COINED. "Nature gives us a limited palette of material parameters so often there are devices that cannot be made because the right materials cannot be found. It was to address this problem that I came up with the concept of a metamaterial." https://lnkd.in/eVf6BPv View in LinkedIn

PLANT IMMUNE RESPONSES. "However, in some cases, the presence of effectors is detected by resistance (R) proteins, which leads to a very strong immune response typically associated with programmed cell death and is often called effector-triggered immunity (ETI)." https://lnkd.in/eWZ-igq View in LinkedIn

PHOTONS. "In many ways light and nanoscience do not mix well. By convention light can be focussed to a spot no smaller than about a micron whereas nano structures by definition are three orders of magnitude smaller in scale. However recent theoretical advances show how to control light at the nanoscale, provided we can find the correct materials for our devices." https://lnkd.in/eVf6BPv View in LinkedIn

PLANT IMMUNE RESPONSES "lead collectively to pattern-triggered immunity (PTI). To overcome PTI, phytopathogens secrete effector proteins that interfere with plant innate immunity at several levels. If the plant immune response is successfully suppressed by effector proteins, disease occurs." https://lnkd.in/eWZ-igq View in LinkedIn

NEW SYMMETRY. "New physical properties are characterized by breaks in physical symmetry. If you rotate a sphere around its axis it looks the same at every point of rotation -- but if you rotate a cube in this way, it looks the same every 90 degrees of rotation. Therefore, a cube breaks continuous rotation symmetry." https://lnkd.in/eNQRPTA View in LinkedIn

BROKEN SYMMETRY. "In principle, metamaterials can provide large anisotropy and extreme constitutive parameters, with either very small, or very large values." https://lnkd.in/eV48D4C View in LinkedIn

BROKEN SYMMETRY. "Essentially, inhomogeneity and anisotropy in the background plays the role of a geometrical distortion, leading to a practical way to effectively create any coordinate transformation in the physical space, providing one possesses full control over (two parameters)." https://lnkd.in/eV48D4C View in LinkedIn

THE CHALLENGE. "It's not yet clear that you're going to get the invisibility that everyone thinks about with Star Trek cloaking device or the Harry Potter's cloak. To make an object literally vanish before a person's eyes, a cloak would have to simultaneously interact with all of the wavelengths, or colors, that make up light." https://lnkd.in/eGNGas7 View in LinkedIn