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FITNESS COST. "Conjugative plasmids are extra-chromosomal DNA elements that are capable of horizontal transmission and are found in many natural isolated bacteria. Although plasmids may carry beneficial genes to their bacterial host, they may also cause a fitness cost." https://lnkd.in/eJNVq3D View in LinkedIn

"PROVIROPHAGES AND TRANSPOVIRINS as the diverse mobilome of giant viruses. A distinct class of infectious agents, the virophages that infect giant viruses of the Mimiviridae family, has been recently described...and a member of a previously unknown class of mobile genetic elements, the transpovirons." The list goes on. https://lnkd.in/ejST9YZ View in LinkedIn

MOBILE GENETIC ELEMENTS (MGEs) "can be roughly grouped into four major classes: transposable elements (TEs), plasmids, viruses, and self-splicing elements such as group I and II introns and inteins...viruses constitute a part of the mobilome." https://lnkd.in/ejST9YZ View in LinkedIn

SMART FLOTSAM AND JETSAM in a sea of protoplasm. "Mobile Genetic Elements, "MGEs such as viruses, plasmids, membrane vesicles, gene transfer agents (GTAs), transposons and transpovirons, which collectively represent the mobilome." Diverse, potent and in motion. https://lnkd.in/eixwewC View in LinkedIn

"THE MOBILOME is the total of all mobile genetic elements in a genome. Elements that can move within the genome (transposable elements) are the major constituents of the mobilome in eukaryotes. In prokaryotes, however, mobile genetic elements that can move between genomes, like prophages and plasmids, are also an important part of the mobilome." https://lnkd.in/ecCtYNF View in LinkedIn

INSERTING FOREIGN DNA. "Plasmids can replicate inside a host and then move to another cell via horizontal genetic transfer (HGT), a term denoting various mechanism of incorporation of exogenous genetic material." This occurs widely and frequently in fast-replicating bacteria. https://lnkd.in/e8wKCHY View in LinkedIn

THE RAW ENGINE. "Plasmids drive genomic diversity in bacteria via horizontal gene transfer." Genomic diversity and attendant functional diversity is the raw material that evolutionary pressures act upon. https://lnkd.in/e5QhDst View in LinkedIn

MOBILE GENE POOL. " Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is a major process in the evolution of bacteria. The uptake of ready-made genes or operons from the ‘mobile gene pool’ facilitates rapid adaptation to novel environments, without the reliance upon rare, beneficial mutations" "arising spontaneously in the population." https://lnkd.in/enxCUw2 View in LinkedIn

INNOVATION DRIVERS. "Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that are collectively referred to as the “mobilome” are key players in the genome evolution of prokaryotes and eukaryotes and are considered “genetic engineers” of biological innovation." https://lnkd.in/ejST9YZ View in LinkedIn

HANDLING FOREIGN DNA. " Because of the universality of the genetic code, the polymerases of one organism can accurately transcribe a gene from another organism. For example, different species of bacteria obtain antibiotic resistance genes by exchanging small chromosomes called plasmids." http://www.dnaftb.org/34/ View in LinkedIn