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LARGE SCALE APOPTOSIS. In the nematode worm C. Elegans, 80% of neural cells are destroyed by apoptosis during development, and in mammals, 50% of the neuronal and oligodendrogial cells die from apoptosis. https://lnkd.in/eQzMpkX View in LinkedIn

IMPORTED GENE SOURCE. "Foreign genes predominately originate from bacteria and protists." https://lnkd.in/e5G7Nk8 View in LinkedIn

VAST CELLULAR TURNOVER. "It is estimated that to maintain homeostasis in the adult human body, around 10 billion cells are made each day just to balance those dying by apoptosis." https://lnkd.in/eFmC7Ys View in LinkedIn

IMPORTED GENES. "In the human we find genes in five of the six categories: amino-acid metabolism (two genes), macromolecule modification (15 genes), lipid metabolism (13 genes), antioxidant activities (five genes) and innate immune response (seven genes)." https://lnkd.in/e5G7Nk8 View in LinkedIn

CARROT AND STICK. "The role of apoptosis in normal physiology is as significant as that of its counterpart, mitosis. It demonstrates a complementary but opposite role to mitosis and cell proliferation in the regulation of various cell populations." https://lnkd.in/eFmC7Ys View in LinkedIn

MOST GENE INSERTS ARE UNCHARACTERIZED. "Many foreign genes are, like many native genes, currently uncharacterised, even in intensively studied model organisms; for example, the human (foreign) gene ENSG00000136830 is annotated ‘family with sequence similarity 129, member B’, but there is no information on its role." https://lnkd.in/e5G7Nk8 View in LinkedIn

FLEETING EVENTS. "Apoptosis is over 20 times faster than mitosis. Sightings of dying cells in vivo are therefore rare. Apoptotic cells are engulfed and degraded by neighboring cells without a trace." Unpacking takes less time than packing. https://lnkd.in/e2jYAUk View in LinkedIn

OPERATIONAL VS INFORMATIONAL. "In prokaryotes, horizontally acquired genes tend to be operational, typically encoding enzymes, rather than informational, that is, genes involved in transcription and translation. It has recently been suggested that network connectivity is a more important consideration than function, but nevertheless most identified foreign genes are concerned with metabolism." https://lnkd.in/e5G7Nk8 View in LinkedIn

PERPLEXING MIRAGE. "In a healthy adult human, billions of cells die in the bone marrow and intestine every hour. It seems remarkably wasteful for so many cells to die, especially as the vast majority are perfectly healthy at the time they kill themselves." https://lnkd.in/eaj7Brc View in LinkedIn

MASSIVE TISSUE ENGINEERING. "Tissues in the larvae and pupae of holometabolous insects undergo massive degeneration. During the normal postembryonic development of these insects, apoptosis removes “pre-apoptotic” cells from a variety of tissues, including inter-segmental muscles, central nervous system, prothoracic glands, midgut and salivary glands, retina and silk gland." https://lnkd.in/erwc5rX View in LinkedIn