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TIDY HYPOTHESIS. "Our study provides direct evidence for a fundamental prediction of the quasispecies theory and establishes a link between mutation rate, population dynamics and pathogenesis." http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v439/n7074/abs/nature04388.html View in LinkedIn

SUPER-ORGANISM. "Mathematical models predict that viral quasispecies are not simply a collection of diverse mutants but a group of interactive variants, which together contribute to the characteristics of the population. According to this view, viral populations, rather than individual variants, are the target of evolutionary selection." https://lnkd.in/eb_myZ8 View in LinkedIn

BRUTE FORCE DIVERSITY. "Although a high mutation rate is dangerous for a virus because it results in nonviable individuals, it has been hypothesized that high mutation rates create a 'cloud' of potentially beneficial mutations at the population level, which afford the viral quasispecies a greater probability to evolve and adapt to new environments and challenges during infection." http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v439/n7074/abs/nature04388.html View in LinkedIn

QUASI-SPECIES. "An RNA virus population does not consist of a single genotype; rather, it is an ensemble of related sequences, termed quasispecies. Quasispecies arise from rapid genomic evolution powered by the high mutation rate of RNA viral replication." https://lnkd.in/eb_myZ8 View in LinkedIn

"ARMS RACE between virus and the bacterial host drive high mutation rates to obtain a competitive advantage, a process that has gone on for millennia, and the mutations of the virus can interact with one other to be greater than the sum of the parts." https://lnkd.in/eXZyzaK View in LinkedIn

VIRAL NATURAL SELECTION. "These data show rapid adaptive evolution of the antiviral RNAi pathway in Drosophila. Viruses are the most likely candidates for driving this rapid evolution in genes of the (fruitfly host) siRNA pathway....they are important natural pathogens of Drosophila; nearly 40% of D. melanogaster are infected with horizontally transmitted viruses, and vertically transmitted viruses are also common." https://lnkd.in/e73iquh View in LinkedIn

DIATOMS AND OCEANIC BALANCE. "This group contributes approximately 40% to primary net production in the oceans. This success is suggested to be caused at least in part by the ability of diatoms to respond and adapt to large fluctuations in light irradiance, thereby maintaining high photosynthetic efficiency over a wide range of environmental conditions." Important review of diatoms. https://lnkd.in/eDtPqWt View in LinkedIn

"CHLOROPLAST-MITOCHONDRIA CROSS-TALK in diatoms. As a consequence of their dynamic evolutionary history, they appear to have red algal-derived chloroplasts empowered largely by green algal proteins, working alongside mitochondria derived from the non-photosynthetic exosymbiont." http://jxb.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2012/01/20/jxb.err441.full View in LinkedIn

DIATOM UREA CYCLE FUNCTION. "The urea cycle appears to function in the recycling and biosynthesis of organic nitrogen compounds, rather than for their breakdown as in animals. Due to its positioning between the mitochondria and cytoplasm, it is likely to be of special importance for the exchange of nutrients between these two cellular compartments." http://jxb.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2012/01/20/jxb.err441.full View in LinkedIn

TOTAL DNA ON PLANET. "We estimate the total amount of DNA in the biosphere to be 5.3 × 10(31) (±3.6 × 10(31)) megabase pairs (Mb). This quantity corresponds to approximately 5 × 10(10) tonnes of DNA. This DNA is equivalent to the volume of approximately 1 billion standard (6.1 × 2.44 × 2.44 m) shipping containers." 50 billion tons of DNA! https://lnkd.in/ewABXeK View in LinkedIn