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SINGULAR EVENT. "In the S-phase, the entire genomic DNA is accurately duplicated once and only once per cell cycle. Any tendency for errors in this process would constitute genomic instability." https://lnkd.in/bam9PGn View in LinkedIn

NEXTGEN. "The ultimate goal of cell division for most non-cancerous somatic cells is to accurately duplicate the genome and then evenly divide the duplicated genome into the two daughter cells. This ensures that the daughter cells will have exactly the same genetic material as their parent cell." https://lnkd.in/bam9PGn View in LinkedIn

FIDELITY MEASURES. "During a cell division, genomic instability is minimized by four major mechanisms: high-fidelity DNA replication in S-phase, precise chromosome segregation in mitosis, error free repair of sporadic DNA damage, and a coordinated cell cycle progression." https://lnkd.in/bam9PGn View in LinkedIn

DNA BREAKS can occur in S phase of cell cycle at a rate of ~10 breaks per cell. Not including chemical and radiation forms of DNA damage. https://lnkd.in/eDr47d6 View in LinkedIn

DNA POLYMERASE plus proofreading with 1 error in 10(7) base pairs; plus mismatch repair (MMR) is 1 error in 10(9) base pairs; and with 6 X 10(9) base pairs per human genome this means only ~6 errors in the genome. https://lnkd.in/eDr47d6 View in LinkedIn

DNA POLYMERASE PROOFREADING at 1 error per 10(7) base pairs. With 6 X 10(9) base pairs in the human genome this still means 600 errors. https://lnkd.in/eDr47d6 View in LinkedIn

DNA POLYMERASE copies DNA with an error rate in copying of only 1 error per 10(5) base pairs. But the human genome has 6 X 10(9) base pairs. Thus equivalent to 60,000 errors per genome. How does the cell remedy this lopsided equation? https://lnkd.in/eDr47d6 View in LinkedIn

INTEGRITY OF INHERITANCE. "A fundamental aspect of life lies in maintaining the integrity of the genome, ensuring the correct inheritance of the genetic information." https://lnkd.in/eNytTdX View in LinkedIn

CONSERVED IN EVOLUTION. "Eukaryotes replicate their DNA with remarkable accuracy. This accuracy is achieved through a network of conserved pathways that repair DNA damage and correct DNA polymerase errors." https://lnkd.in/ewJXZkd View in LinkedIn

REPLICATION FIDELITY. "The integrity of the human genome depends on numerous processes that determine the fidelity of DNA replication." https://lnkd.in/euw7dRD View in LinkedIn