Category: Uncategorized

ERROR RATE. "Although the six billion base pairs in each diploid human nucleus need to be duplicated prior to each cell division, they are vulnerable to destabilizing errors during replication. However, they ultimately occur at such low rates that approximately only one spontaneous error occurs per cell division (between 1 x 10(-9) and 1 x 10(-10) errors per bp)." https://lnkd.in/e9xgjd4 View in LinkedIn

"THE PROTEIN UNIVERSE, a concept first mentioned in 1992, is the collection of all proteins of every biological species that lives or has lived on earth. It is a very large, poorly defined, even mysterious entity, which also happens to be an essential underpinning of all biology." https://lnkd.in/evmEhB5 View in LinkedIn

ENDONUCLEASE PROOFREADING. "Cellular DNA replication complexes contain exonuclease activities that come into play when an incorrect base has been incorporated onto the nascent DNA strand. Studies with Escherichia coli indicate that exonuclease proofreading removes about 99.9% of the accidental misincorporations from the nascent strand." http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1113/jphysiol.2014.271130/full View in LinkedIn

DNA AS SOFTWARE. "DNA is the software of the cell." (J Craig Venter). https://lnkd.in/eJFrT_P View in LinkedIn

AUTO-SCRIPTING CELLS. "Cells write their own genome modifications. Now that we know about the regulated molecular processes that proofread, repair and modify genomic DNA, we can discuss the physiology of how cells protect the genome and write new genomic structures when appropriately stimulated." http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1113/jphysiol.2014.271130/full View in LinkedIn

FRAGMENT FROM NATURE continues from last weekend with a consideration of global DNA or total global genetic information. A gene is the software that code for proteins that does the work of running the cell. Gene innovations are amplified in proteins due to cooperative effects. Using proteins as a proxy for biodiversity follows the same logic of using DNA as a surrogate marker. Our protein universe reflects the accumulated and amplified genetic information on this planet. View in LinkedIn

READ-WRITE GENOME. "Discoveries in cytogenetics, molecular biology, and genomics have revealed that genome change is an active cell-mediated physiological process. This is distinctly at variance with the pre-DNA assumption that genetic changes arise accidentally and sporadically. The discovery that DNA changes arise as the result of regulated cell biochemistry means that the genome is best modelled as a read–write (RW) data storage system rather than a read-only memory (ROM)." http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1113/jphysiol.2014.271130/full View in LinkedIn

"PROOFREADING is the primary guardian of DNA polymerase fidelity. New work has revealed that polymerases with intrinsic proofreading activity may cooperate with non-proofreading polymerases to ensure faithful DNA replication." https://lnkd.in/ecNyeKK View in LinkedIn

GENOME PROOFREADING REVIEW. This valuable and in-depth review covers the key points of genetic proofreading. https://lnkd.in/evDtEyU View in LinkedIn

RUBISCO CONTENDER. "The Rubisco protein...is responsible for atmospheric carbon fixation, literally building the biosphere out of thin air. This molecule, one of the most abundant proteins on Earth, is responsible for extracting about a hundred Gigatons of carbon from the atmosphere each year. This is ≈10 times more than all the carbon dioxide emissions made by humanity from car tailpipes, jet engines, power plants and all of our other fossil-fuel-driven technologies." http://book.bionumbers.org/how-big-is-the-average-protein/ View in LinkedIn