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CRYSTAL GROWTH. "Regulation of calcite growth by coccolithophores is almost as remarkable as the regulation of nucleation. The crystal units...are each single crystals of calcite, and their shapes are radically different from that of inorganic calcite. However, such crystals do not exist in isolation, but are parts of the complete coccolith, and much of the morphology is a product of interaction between adjacent crystals." https://lnkd.in/eUUB9pU View in LinkedIn

GENETICS. "Recent progress has been made in the cloning and functional expression of cDNAs coding diatom silicic acid transporters." https://lnkd.in/eXTtntg View in LinkedIn

CO2 AND RUBISCO. "In the marine environment, CO2 is present in micromolar concentrations, which may be lower than the dissociation constant (Km) for the photosynthetic carbon-fixing enzyme ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase (Rubisco). Phytoplankton species that rely on CO2 diffusion to supply photosynthesis may be rate-limited by the CO2 concentration and diffusion to the site of Rubisco in the chloroplast." https://lnkd.in/eXTtntg View in LinkedIn

SUPERSATURATION. "The most striking feature of calcification in the oceans is that it occurs almost exclusively by biogenic processes. Ca2 and CO2 inputs into the oceans occur through weathering of rocks, geothermal activity and hydrothermal seepage. The ocean is in fact supersaturated with Ca2 and CO2. However, spontaneous chemical precipitation is largely absent owing to the high concentrations of inhibitory ions in seawater and the presence of crystal poisons produced by the biota." https://lnkd.in/eXTtntg View in LinkedIn

SUPERSATURATION. "The most striking feature of calcification in the oceans is that it occurs almost exclusively by biogenic processes. Ca2 and CO2 inputs into the oceans occur through weathering of rocks, geothermal activity and hydrothermal seepage. The ocean is in fact supersaturated with Ca2 and CO2. However, spontaneous chemical precipitation is largely absent owing to the high concentrations of inhibitory ions in seawater and the presence of crystal poisons produced by the biota." https://lnkd.in/eXTtntg View in LinkedIn

SUPERSATURATION. "The most striking feature of calcification in the oceans is that it occurs almost exclusively by biogenic processes. Ca2 and CO2 inputs into the oceans occur through weathering of rocks, geothermal activity and hydrothermal seepage. The ocean is in fact supersaturated with Ca2 and CO2. However, spontaneous chemical precipitation is largely absent owing to the high concentrations of inhibitory ions in seawater and the presence of crystal poisons produced by the biota." https://lnkd.in/eXTtntg View in LinkedIn

SATURATION. "There is evidence that calcification can frequently still occur when the external Ca2+ and/or CO3(2-) are so low as to cause undersaturation of the medium with respect to calcite...in the case of celestite and silica, the present surface ocean is well below the saturation value for these 2 minerals, and for silica this has been the case since (at least) soon after the appearance of diatoms in the fossil record...By contrast, the present surface ocean is supersaturated with respect to calcite, although this is forecast to change due to increases in CO2." https://lnkd.in/e2i9eMi View in LinkedIn

SOLUBLE SILICON. "While silica deposition and cell division can occur close to maximal rates at silicon concentrations that are limiting for silicon uptake, diatoms can accumulate soluble silicon between 20 and 400 mmol L(-1), exceeding the solubility for silicon and in some cases enough to synthesize an entire frustule without further silicon input." https://lnkd.in/eXTtntg View in LinkedIn

"CHIRALITY is a predictable result of nucleation on a biochemical substrate since virtually all organic macromolecules are chiral and occur in natural systems as only one enantiomorph. Therefore, a plausible model for the precise nucleation control around the margin of the organic baseplate is that a belt of macromolecular substrate occurs in this position with arrays of potential binding sites for calcium or carbonate ions which promotes nucleation of oriented calcite crystallites." https://lnkd.in/eUUB9pU View in LinkedIn

TISSUE-SPECIFIC. "There are currently over 2,500 human mature microRNAs documented in miRbase; yet not all these are significant to every tissue. Analysis of the microRNA expression levels serves as a simple method to help identify those that are important. Different organs within the human body exhibit diverse miRNomes composed of sets of microRNAs which are more-or-less tissue-specific." https://lnkd.in/efHkz7K View in LinkedIn