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FINITE SIGNS. "Languages (human and non human, bee languages) have a finite number of signs. They stand in relation to each other in an orderly manner which we term syntactic or grammatic rules. These must be followed in a correct way or they fail. Modern biological research documents very clearly, that interactions in and between living organisms are sign mediated and rule governed." https://lnkd.in/eDswHmC View in LinkedIn

"THE STRUCTURE of the genome itself is a linguistic one, more analog in eubacteria, more symbolic in archaebacteria and (higher) eukaryotes." https://lnkd.in/eDswHmC View in LinkedIn

LINGUISTIC ORGANIZATION. "The genome is linguistically structured and communicatively organized." A compact phrase that unpacks wide and deep. https://lnkd.in/eDswHmC View in LinkedIn

NON-MUTATION EVOLUTION. "With this chromosomal methylation, organisms are able to handle multiple protein meanings of the same genetic dataset. As shown through some authors of epigenetics these...functions are influenced and altered through environmental and other reasons which are (reversibly) hereditable but do not involve or depend on mutations of the DNA itself." https://lnkd.in/eDswHmC View in LinkedIn

EPIGENETIC CHANGES. "Different genome system architecture can have distinct transmission and expression properties even with the same coding sequences. Meaningful evolutionary change can take place in the repetitive component of the genome without altering coding sequences” https://lnkd.in/eDswHmC View in LinkedIn

SMALL WILDFIRES. "Population genetic studies show us that small changes can accrue quickly in small populations. And evolutionary developmental biology is revealing new mechanisms that regulate the expression of small genetic changes in ways that can have a large effect on phenotype." http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/library/03/5/l_035_01.html View in LinkedIn

"RETROVIRUSES may have contributed to evolutionary saltations by causing deletions, duplications and rearrangements of chromosomes." https://lnkd.in/eZu6_fe View in LinkedIn

EXPLOSIVE SALTATIONS. "One group of coral-like sea organisms in particular, called bryozoan, shows this kind of pattern. The well-preserved fossil record of bryozoans shows that one species first appeared about 140 million years ago and remained unchanged for its first 40 million years. Then there was an explosion of diversification, followed by another period of stability for vast amounts of time." http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/library/03/5/l_035_01.html View in LinkedIn

PUNCTUATED EVOLUTION. "In 1972, evolutionary scientists Stephen Jay Gould and Niles Eldredge proposed another explanation, which they called "punctuated equilibrium." That is, species are generally stable, changing little for millions of years. This leisurely pace is "punctuated" by a rapid burst of change that results in a new species and that leaves few fossils behind." http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/library/03/5/l_035_01.html View in LinkedIn

DISCONTINUOUS EVOLUTION. "Major evolutionary events can initiate within the repetitive sector of the genome and do not have to follow changes in the coding sector. This enables abrupt evolutionary developments as proposed in Gould’s theory of a “punctuated equilibrium” or as revolutionary-evolutive phases such as in the Cambrian explosion." https://lnkd.in/eDswHmC View in LinkedIn