Category: Uncategorized

EXOGENOUS EDITING AGENTS. "As opposed to persistent endogenous agents of natural genome editing in eukaryotes, we find persistent exogenous agents in prokaryotes that are competent in natural genome editing of the prokaryotic gene pool. This process has long been visualized as horizontal gene transfer and is now recognized as occurring via plasmids, phages, and transposons, all with viral ancestors." https://lnkd.in/euyhznh View in LinkedIn

Island poisoned by plastic. View in LinkedIn

ENDOGENOUS EDITING AGENTS. "All eukaryotic DNA replication processes share a cut-and-paste process in which noncoding elements, that is, introns, are spliced out; later the remaining exons that code for proteins are combined into a coherent protein-coding content ready for translation." https://lnkd.in/euyhznh View in LinkedIn

PINE NEEDLE ADAPTATIONS. "In the long term, leaf-level seasonal changes in chlorophyll contents and sustained forms of non-photochemical quenching modulate light absorption and the fraction of thermal energy dissipation, respectively." https://lnkd.in/eYuQ_dT View in LinkedIn

DIVISION OF LABOR. "In the human genome, only 3% of coding regions remain. The remaining 97% serve as a habitat for persistent viral operators that orchestrate a highly sophisticated division of labor. From these regions they can actively regulate coding sequences because they are able to change specific DNA content throughout the genome." https://lnkd.in/euyhznh View in LinkedIn

PIGMENT BLOCKERS. "Non-photosynthetic pigments within cells, such as anthocyanins and avonoids, can also reduce the amount of light available to photosynthesis. In addition to adjustments in the quantity of absorbed light, plants can also alleviate the problem by regulating the fraction of absorbed excitation energy that is thermally dissipated, via the xanthophyll-cycle reactions and the protonation/de-protonation of specific pigment-binding proteins." https://lnkd.in/eYuQ_dT View in LinkedIn

WAX SEASONALITY AND AGING. "The optical properties of epicuticular waxes undergo a complex temporal pattern during the lifespan of the needle. We found a seasonal pattern of variation superimposed on that of the natural effect of wax weathering with age, which has important implications." https://lnkd.in/eYuQ_dT View in LinkedIn

MORE BARRIER METHODS. "Plants can also adjust light absorption by modulating leaf reflectance properties. Salt deposits and trichomes (hairs) found on the leaf surface of many plants have been shown to increase the fraction of reflected light." https://lnkd.in/eYuQ_dT View in LinkedIn

METABOLIC ROLES. "Rubisco activity is downregulated during aging, in accordance with its postulated role as a nitrogen store. The observed profiles of sugars and methionine-related metabolites also suggest they play coordinated metabolic roles during ageing of maritime pine needles. Notably, pinitol is a ‘compatible solute’ involved in tolerance to osmotic and oxidative stresses in plants, and sucrose has cryoprotectant and osmoprotectant functions during overwintering." (Rubisco, a major photosynthetic molecule). http://jxb.oxfordjournals.org/content/66/11/3113.full View in LinkedIn

OLD WHORLS FOR STORAGE. "Carbon metabolism seems to be affected by long-term factors that increase levels of the main carbon metabolites as whorls age. This may be because young whorls have high metabolic rates and hence highly dynamic carbohydrate catabolism while, in contrast, old whorls may assimilate surplus carbon and play a role as metabolite stores. This is consistent with two of the strongest correlations detected, between the expression of a gene encoding a hexose transporter and the relative abundances of sucrose and pinitol." http://jxb.oxfordjournals.org/content/66/11/3113.full View in LinkedIn