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PINE NEEDLES' "photosynthetic capacity increases as they mature, peaks when they are fully expanded, then gradually declines until senescence, typically several years later. Senescence is a tightly controlled process in which various nutrients may be mobilized; for example, Rubisco and other soluble proteins in older leaves may be used as nitrogen stores during the development of new needles in the spring." http://jxb.oxfordjournals.org/content/66/11/3113.full View in LinkedIn

"DNA CENTRISM, which investigates DNA as the dominant genetic information storage medium, might be wrong because the older RNAs are the dominant interactors as soon as transcription starts." https://lnkd.in/eUYvi8e View in LinkedIn

METABOLIC SWITCH. "Clearly, when photosynthesis is reduced cell energy requirements must be met through metabolic pathways such as glycolysis or oxidative phosphorylation. Accordingly, photosynthetic rates and capacities of adult needles are temperature- and/or photoperiod-dependent, peaking in the summer." http://jxb.oxfordjournals.org/content/66/11/3113.full View in LinkedIn

BIDIRECTIONAL INFORMATION. "In former times it was thought that the information transfer was a one-way road from genotype to phenotype but with epigenetics and RNA biology it became obvious that the reverse direction of information flow plays a crucial role in evolution, development and adaptational flexibility." https://lnkd.in/eg6uePF View in LinkedIn

METABOLITES VS TRANSCRIPT PROFILES. "Seasonal changes in the metabolite profiles were mainly affected by the needles’ age and acclimation for winter, but changes in transcript profiles were mainly dependent on climatic factors. The relative abundance of most transcripts correlated well with temperature, particularly for genes involved in photosynthesis or winter acclimation. Our results suggest that the environment regulates the transcriptome for fine tuning of the metabolome during development." https://lnkd.in/evt9GfD View in LinkedIn

"THE DOUBLE FUNCTION of genotype and phenotype is unique in biology, where we can find most organisms divided into genetic coding and protein-based bodies within their real lifeworld interactions." https://lnkd.in/eg6uePF View in LinkedIn

UK government to ban microbeads from cosmetics by end of 2017 View in LinkedIn

FAMILY MEMBERS. "Interestingly, these large noncoding RNAs are found as interlacing and overlapping sense and antisense transcripts derived from introns or intergenic regions, which means that they stem from the preferred life habitat of persistent viral settlers." https://lnkd.in/euyhznh View in LinkedIn

LARGE NON-CODING RNAs. "Although recent research has tried to evaluate the enormous regulatory networks of small RNAs, the role of thousands of longer transcripts is not yet clear." https://lnkd.in/euyhznh View in LinkedIn

Tinker, tailor, writer, spy: the many lives of John le Carré, in his own words http://www.theguardian.com/books/ng-interactive/2016/sep/03/tinker-tailor-writer-spy-the-many-lives-of-john-le-carre-in-his-own-words?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other View in LinkedIn