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CONSTRAINT. "For taxa with many chromosomes, WGDs could also be detrimental if the total number of chromosomes impedes homologous chromosome recognition during meiosis following a WGD." (WGD = whole genome duplication). https://lnkd.in/bCmw3Fr View in LinkedIn

WHOLE GENOME DUPLICATION (WGD) may be difficult or impossible in species with large genomes if large genome sizes increase nutrient demands or if large genomes are associated with cellular traits that cannot scale with the duplication." https://lnkd.in/bCmw3Fr View in LinkedIn

TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS. "Genome size changes also have been associated with recombination rates. Genome size encompasses the net difference between increases and decreases of functional and non-functional DNA." https://lnkd.in/bCmw3Fr View in LinkedIn

GENOME SIZE AND PLOIDY. "The lack of correlation could be due to the accumulation of transposable elements or the removal of large blocks of DNA via intra-strand homologous recombination and illegitimate recombination events." https://lnkd.in/bCmw3Fr View in LinkedIn

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GENOME DOWNSIZING. "Whole-genome duplications in plants are usually followed by rapid genome downsizing, or fractionation, which could reduce the correlation between genome size mean and ploidy level." https://lnkd.in/bCmw3Fr View in LinkedIn

GENOTYPE-PHENOTYPE GAP. "Our investigation also reveals that the path to synthesis is hindered by numerous gaps in our knowledge of even the best-known systems. Particularly concerning is the absence of linkage between genotype and phenotype." https://lnkd.in/bCmw3Fr View in LinkedIn

EXCEPTIONS EXIST. "In some lineages, aspects of polyploidization are repeated across multiple origins, but in other species multiple origins behave more stochastically in terms of genetic and phenotypic change." https://lnkd.in/bCmw3Fr View in LinkedIn

TRANSPOSONS. "In angiosperms the repeat types (i.e. (retro)transposable elements, (micro)satellite DNA, and truncated derivatives) can be fast evolving in absolute copy numbers and sequence, such that in species from many plant families there are reports of repeat element half-lives of 3–4 million years near complete repeat turnover in the genome over timeframes of 5–10 million years, and repeat copy numbers changing GS two or three fold over just a few million years." (GS = genome size). http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959437X15001057 View in LinkedIn

SMALL SEEDS. "Accessory costs of reproduction frequently equal or exceed direct investment in offspring, and can limit the evolution of small offspring sizes. Early angiosperms had minimum seed sizes, an order of magnitude smaller than their contemporaries." https://lnkd.in/e6Ry-qh View in LinkedIn