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THE UNIVERSAL ADULT SPECIFIER. "Here, we report that a single factor, E93, controls juvenile-to-adult transition in hemimetabolous and holometabolous insects, thus acting as the universal adult specifier in winged insects. Interestingly, we find that E93 not only promotes adult metamorphosis but also represses the expression of the antimetamorphic genes Krüppel-homolog 1 and Broad-Complex, ensuring the proper juvenile–adult transition." (E93= a transcription factor). http://www.pnas.org/content/111/19/7024.full View in LinkedIn

ANCIENT ENDOSYMBIOSIS EVENT. "Thus, by several independent mechanisms, the acquisition of mitochondria likely allowed the expansion of nonfunctional intergenic DNA and the evolution of a noisy transcriptional system." http://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1004351 View in LinkedIn

SEPARATION. "Although both autophagy and apoptosis can be activated by 20E, it must be emphasized that, while both 20E commitment and metamorphic peak are required to trigger apoptosis, which produces an increase in apoptosis-related gene expression and activation of the apoptotic pathway, respectively, autophagy might be controlled exclusively by the first 20E peak." (20E = 20-hydroxyecdysone). https://lnkd.in/eED2fPx View in LinkedIn

PAYING FOR WASTEFUL TRANSCRIPTION. "It should also be noted that the increase in ATP regeneration due to mitochondrial-derived metabolic pathways provided the surplus energy that is required to support an expansion not only in genome size and membranes, but also wasteful transcription." https://lnkd.in/eT5V5Xc View in LinkedIn

SPECIFIC ROLES. "Whereas periodic pulses of 20E promote every developmental transition, the presence or absence of JH determines the nature of each transition." (JH = juvenile hormones; 20E= 20-hydroxyecdysone). http://www.pnas.org/content/111/19/7024.full View in LinkedIn

PROLIFERATION OF START SITES. "The segregation of translation from both transcription and RNA processing...in turn permitted intergenic DNA and cryptic transcriptional start sites to proliferate with minimal cost to the fitness of the organism." http://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1004351 View in LinkedIn

PARADIGM CHALLENGED. "Our study suggests that the long-accepted paradigm that JHs maintain the juvenile status throughout larval life should be revised because the larval status can be maintained by a JH-independent mechanism in very early larval instars. We propose that the lack of competence for metamorphosis during the early larval stages may result from the absence of an unidentified broad-inducing factor, i.e., a competence factor." (JH = juvenile hormones). https://lnkd.in/eQ2nAQi View in LinkedIn

QUALITY EDITING. "Importantly, the segregation of translation from both transcription and RNA processing provided an opportunity for nuclear quality-control processes to eliminate misprocessed and spurious transcripts that did not meet the minimal requirements of “mRNA identity” before these RNAs ever encountered a ribosome." http://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1004351 View in LinkedIn

RNA PROCESSING SEGREGATION. "Not only would this segregation prevent translating ribosomes from interfering with the splicing reaction (and vice versa) but would also prevent the translation of incompletely processed mRNAs, which often encode toxic proteins." http://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1004351 View in LinkedIn

FIND THE WHY behind the diverse collections in themes, so that the organizing principles at the highest level start to emerge from the quacking populous of quirky diversity. Ever strive to join the dots between deep silos of specialized, often brilliant, and obscure scholarship. Concepts are hard won, wrested from the warm wet substratum of life itself. View in LinkedIn