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COUNTER-ARGUMENT. "Although pervasive transcription has been used as an argument against junk DNA, it is in fact entirely in line with the idea that intergenic regions are evolving under little-to-no constraint, especially when one considers that this intergenic transcription is unstable." http://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1004351 View in LinkedIn

INTERGENIC RNA. "These data indicate that the majority of intergenic RNAs are degraded almost immediately after transcription. Consistent with this idea, the level of intergenic transcripts increase when RNA degradation machinery is inhibited." http://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1004351 View in LinkedIn

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NUCLEAR HOME. "Strikingly, when one examines the steady state level of polyadenylated RNA, very little maps to intergenic regions. In fact, when one eliminates the ∼9,000 transcript species that are thought to be derived from conserved lncRNA, then most of the annotated noncoding polyadenylated RNAs are present at levels below one copy per cell and are found exclusively in the nucleus." (LncRNAs = long non-coding RNAs). http://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1004351 View in LinkedIn

POLYADENYLATED RNA. "Polyadenylation is an important post-transcriptional modification of prokaryotic, eukaryotic and organellar RNA." https://lnkd.in/eaCHGGt View in LinkedIn

EMERGING PICTURE. "Despite the incompleteness of lncRNA annotations, it is nonetheless clear that lncRNAs are frequently present within non-coding regions of the genome known to be functional." (LncRNAs = long non-coding RNAs). https://lnkd.in/e9BHyYj View in LinkedIn

RNA DOMINANCE. "This evidence, as well as a growing list of examples of functional human lncRNAs containing trait-associated SNPs (such as MIAT), has supported the possibility that much of the intergenic functional sequence in organisms acts through non-coding RNA rather than, or in addition to, DNA." (LncRNAs = long non-coding RNAs; SNPs = Single nucleotide polymorphisms, frequently called SNPs are the most common type of genetic variation among people). https://lnkd.in/e9BHyYj View in LinkedIn

ISOFORM DIVERSITY. "The ENCODE project team observed that human genes do not follow a minimalistic isoform expression strategy; instead each gene simultaneously produces up to 10 to 12 isoforms. In contrast, Brown et al., observed that in Drosophila, most genes have relatively few isoforms. In fact, 42% of Drosophila genes encode only a single transcript isoform, whereas in mammals, 95% of genes have multiple expressed isoforms." https://lnkd.in/e9BHyYj View in LinkedIn

NEEDING EVIDENCE. "As stated by others, it is imperative that those who claim that the vast majority of intergenic transcription is functional test their hypotheses. In the absence of this evidence, the declaration that we are in the midst of a paradigm shift with regards to eukaryotic genomes and gene expression seems premature." http://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1004351 View in LinkedIn

SEVENTY-FIVE PERCENT. "In 2012, as part of the ENCODE project, which focused initially on humans, Djebali et al., showed the staggering complexity and expanse of the human transcriptome. At least three-quarters of the genome produces transcripts, many of which demonstrate complex splicing and specific expression patterns." https://lnkd.in/e9BHyYj View in LinkedIn