DRUG RESISTANCE tends to reside in an organism’s variable amino acid outer layer, where mutations of drug and vaccine target are not lethal for the creature. In a past life we spent a lot of time creating vaccine targets against parts of a bug’s outer coat that had been conserved in evolution. It had been conserved because mutations in this region were lethal. By looking at the variants of a bug and asking which regions had mutated versus those regions which had not, yielded great targets for vaccine development. We did this for severe tropical childhood diarrhea bugs.
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