LITMUS TEST. “As Ray noted, in a 1670 letter to the Royal Society’s Philosophical Transactions, he was prompted to investigate on consulting Langham’s Garden of Health, where he met with the passage: ‘Cast the flowers of chicory among an heap of Ants, and they will soon become as red as blood’. Chicory flowers are known to change colour according to soil pH, and they seemed to have served to the natural philosophers of Ray’s era as handy natural litmus paper.”
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