DOUBLE BACKUP PROOFREADING. “In summary, exonuclease proofreading plus mismatch repair can reduce error-driven mutations by five orders of magnitude in E. coli (and presumably by a similar degree in other organisms). These two physiological processes are homeostatic and respond to molecular sensing of double helix distortions.”
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1113/jphysiol.2014.271130/full