BIOASSAY REQUIRED. “Butenandt used the wing fluttering response of the male silk moth as the bioassay to track the female sex pheromone activity in his solvent fractionations and to later confirm that the synthesized molecule, bombykol, was indeed the pheromone. Such bioassays, repeatable experiments designed to measure a biological response, are still an essential part of pheromone identification. Without this systematic approach, no claim that a molecule or combination of molecules is a pheromone is credible.”
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