Month: September 2022

EMERGING EMERGENCE. "The study of emergence is clearly important in many research fields, only in the last five years over one million scientific articles on the topic have been written (based on Google Scholar)." https://lnkd.in/daSHscy View in LinkedIn

CAUSATION. "Selection exemplifies top-down causation, while genotype-phenotype mapping and phenotype to fitness mapping exemplify bottom-up causation...repetitive patterns emerge as a result of the presence of downward causation realized through selection”. http://eprints.aston.ac.uk/20778/1/Emergence_in_genetic_programming.pdf View in LinkedIn

EMERGENT PROGRAMMING. "Genetic programming systems have always been engineered to produce emergent solutions. Through the use of genetic programming, we expect the computer to solve a problem without explicitly telling it what steps to take and in what order, often not knowing ourselves in advance what the solution should be." http://eprints.aston.ac.uk/20778/1/Emergence_in_genetic_programming.pdf View in LinkedIn

AUTONOMOUS. "An interesting idea is internal emergence that allows a system to take advantage of the emergent patterns without external intervention. To achieve this, self-modification and self-reflection are required." http://eprints.aston.ac.uk/20778/1/Emergence_in_genetic_programming.pdf View in LinkedIn

"AN EMERGENT ALGORITHM is an algorithm that exhibits emergent behavior. In essence an emergent algorithm implements a set of simple building block behaviors that when combined exhibit more complex behaviors." https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergent_algorithm View in LinkedIn

"GENETIC PROGRAMMING (GP), a variant of genetic algorithms, is an especially interesting form of computational problem solving. In GP, a population of programs, represented by expression trees in a task specific language, evolve to accomplish the desired task." https://lnkd.in/dcK2gx8 View in LinkedIn

UNANTICIPATED. "But rather than rating the content of the trees, as is normally done in genetic algorithms, genetic programs are graded on their behavior when run as a program. Genetic programs often acquire elegant solutions with a degree of subtlety not anticipated by the programmer." http://scholar.google.es/scholar_url?url=http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.15.5594%26rep%3Drep1%26type%3Dpdf&hl=en&sa=X&scisig=AAGBfm0J-z_xL5_kjwEhLP0aVOrhbAtTfA&nossl=1&oi=scholarr&ved=0ahUKEwi3wpKxxs_MAhXG2B4KHXRODt0QgAMICigBMAA View in LinkedIn

NONCODING DNA. "Biologists have discovered that there is a vast amount of repetition in the DNA of microbes, plants and animals. Less than 3% of a human genome consists of protein-coding genes but about 50% of it consists of repetitive sequences, many of viral origin." https://lnkd.in/eABn2vx View in LinkedIn

REPEAT SEQUENCES. "Biological chromosomes are replete with repetitive sequences, micro satellites, SSR tracts, ALU, etc. in their DNA base sequences. We started looking for similar phenomena in evolutionary computation. First studies find copious repeated sequences, which can be hierarchical decomposed into shorter sequences, in programs evolved using both homologous and two point crossover but not with headless chicken crossover or other mutations." https://lnkd.in/eABn2vx View in LinkedIn

PROGRAMMING EMERGENT PROPERTIES. "Banzhaf provides a concrete illustration of emergence in genetic programming: the growth of repetitive patterns within programs as their evolution proceeds. He conjectures “that these patterns are emergent, a result of the presence of downward causation realized through selection.” https://lnkd.in/evQa8-H View in LinkedIn