Month: September 2022

NO SIMPLE EXISTS. “Biological research is in a crisis: the advent of high-throughput data generation has resulted in a deluge of empirical information from biological systems at every level of organization. In addition, scientists are increasingly realizing that biological systems, even the simplest ones, are extraordinarily complex.” http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3512409/ View in LinkedIn

ERROR. “Brenner confuses the mathematical theory of information, as it was developed by Alan Turing and John von Neumann, with information processing by living organisms.” http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3512409/ View in LinkedIn

AUTONOMOUS AGENTS. “At the level of a single cell, the complexity of the content-loaded signs and their interpreter networks is already immense. Living systems are composed of interacting networks of autonomous agents, all capable of sensing signs, interpreting their content according to their context and acting on their own behalf.” http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3512409/ View in LinkedIn

LANGUAGES. “The crucial difference between a Turing and von Neumann machine and biological cell-based organisms is that the formal language needed to operate machines is not compatible with the natural languages of genetic codes and signalling networks. Whereas the first depends on formalizable algorithms, the latter cannot be formalized.” http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3512409/ View in LinkedIn