21Sep 2022 by Nigel Fleming No Comments
linkedin post 2020-12-03 04:34:42

linkedin post 2020-12-03 04:34:42

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BASELINE DATA. “On average, the solar wind at Earth orbit has mean density of about 4 cm−3, mean velocity of about 400 kms−1, and mean interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) magnitude of 5 nT. The average direction of the interplanetary magnetic field along the Parker spiral in the ecliptic plane is at an angle of about 45° from the radial direction.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn
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21Sep 2022 by Nigel Fleming No Comments
linkedin post 2020-12-03 04:36:04

linkedin post 2020-12-03 04:36:04

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“GEOMAGNETIC ACTIVITY is primarily driven by magnetic reconnection between the IMF and the terrestrial magnetic field. As the dipole is close to perpendicular to the ecliptic plane, it is primarily dependent on the southward component of the IMF, and the reconnection rate is proportional to the Y component of the motional electric field (E = −VSW × BIMF) of the solar wind.” (IMF= interplanetary magnetic field). https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn
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21Sep 2022 by Nigel Fleming No Comments

linkedin post 2020-12-03 04:38:30

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ARMCHAIR ASTRONOMY. “Nicholas Copernicus was a most reluctant revolutionary. Ahead of his time in his theorizing, Copernicus nevertheless suffers the crippling limitations of 16th Century astronomy: there are no telescopes to bring the planets and stars into sharper focus. It would be another century before Galileo trained his lenses on Jupiter and, seeing its moons orbiting not the earth but the planet itself, produced the first evidence that the timorous Polish canon was right. (Only at this later point did the theory attract the censorious ire of the Catholic Church.)” https://lnkd.in/dagPeiH View in LinkedIn
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21Sep 2022 by Nigel Fleming No Comments
linkedin post 2020-12-04 03:59:34

linkedin post 2020-12-04 03:59:34

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SOLAR CYCLE MAX. “In the longer term, the solar activity varies with the well-known 11-year cycle, which introduces an 11-year activity cycle also to the geomagnetic records. As the orientation of the dipole axis relative to the Sun-Earth line changes over the course of the year, the activity is largest during the equinoxes when the dipole is tilted along the Earth’s orbital track and the projection of the IMF to the geomagnetic field maximizes.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn
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21Sep 2022 by Nigel Fleming No Comments
linkedin post 2020-12-04 04:03:43

linkedin post 2020-12-04 04:03:43

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SOLAR CYCLE MIN. “The activity level is at minimum during solstices when the projection of the IMF to the Earth’s field is on average at minimum. Figure 1 illustrates the close relationship of the long-term solar activity (characterized by the monthly mean of the sunspot number) and the geomagnetic activity using the planetary magnetic Ap index as a proxy.” (IMF= interplanetary magnetic field). https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn
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21Sep 2022 by Nigel Fleming No Comments
linkedin post 2020-12-04 04:05:37

linkedin post 2020-12-04 04:05:37

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ANNUAL GEO-MAGNETIC CHANGES. “While the solar activity shows no annual variation, there is a clear signal in the geomagnetic records arising from the Russell-McPherron effect due to the varying orientation of the Earth’s rotation axis relative to the Sun-Earth line as the Earth rotates around the Sun.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn
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21Sep 2022 by Nigel Fleming No Comments
linkedin post 2020-12-04 04:08:23

linkedin post 2020-12-04 04:08:23

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MASSIVE SOLAR BURSTS. “Coronal mass ejections (CME) expel vast clouds of solar magnetic flux and plasma into interplanetary space. The interplanetary structure formed by the coronal mass ejection (ICME) propagates outward from the Sun, often at high velocity.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn
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21Sep 2022 by Nigel Fleming No Comments
linkedin post 2020-12-04 04:09:24

linkedin post 2020-12-04 04:09:24

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GEOMAG DRIVERS. “The coherent magnetic field structure, the strongly varying field and plasma density in the sheath region preceding the ICME proper, the fast solar wind speed, as well as the interplanetary shock itself are all effective drivers of geomagnetic activity.” (ICME= Interplanetary coronal mass ejection). https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn
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