Year: 2022

"GERM CELLS are highly specialized cells that form gametes, and they are the only cells within an organism that contribute genes to offspring. Germline stem cells (GSCs) sustain gamete production, both oogenesis (egg production) and spermatogenesis (sperm production), in many organisms." https://lnkd.in/dsBeTUt View in LinkedIn

GERM CELL SET ASIDE. "Germ cells are the founder cells of all sexually reproducing organisms. During development, they are set aside from all somatic cells of the embryo. In many species, germ cells form at the fringe of the embryo proper and then traverse through several developing somatic tissues on their journey to the emerging gonad." (Excellent review). https://lnkd.in/dH2DC3D View in LinkedIn

GONADAL MEIOSIS. "Once in the gonad, germ cells acquire sex-specific morphologies and the ability to undergo meiosis to generate egg and sperm." http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S009286740800202X View in LinkedIn

GENETIC REFRESHING. "Meiosis is the cell division that reshuffles genetic information between generations." https://lnkd.in/dE-FQEZ View in LinkedIn

HALVING CHROMOSOMES. "Sexually reproducing organisms rely on the precise reduction of chromosome number during a specialized cell division called meiosis. Whereas mitosis produces diploid daughter cells from diploid cells, meiosis generates haploid gametes from diploid precursors." An outstanding review of meiosis. https://lnkd.in/dd-eUTZ View in LinkedIn

DIPLOID AND HAPLOID. "Diploid (2n) describes a cell that contain two copies of each chromosome. Nearly all the cells in the human body carry two homologous, or similar, copies of each chromosome. The only exception is cells in the germ line, which go on to produce gametes, or egg and sperm cells. Germ line cells are haploid (n), which means they contain a single set of chromosomes. In diploid cells, one set of chromosomes is inherited from the individual's mother, while the second is inherited from the father. Humans have 46 chromosomes in each diploid cell." https://lnkd.in/dMr2dWf View in LinkedIn

PLOIDY "is the number of sets of chromosomes found in a cell." https://genetics-notes.wikispaces.com/Ploidy View in LinkedIn

MEIOTIC REDUCTION. "A question of central importance to heredity in sexually reproducing eukaryotes is how haploid gametes are generated from diploid somatic cells. The answer lies in a specialized form of cell division during which the number of chromosomes is reduced. In 1905, Farmer and Moore termed this specialized form of cell division meiosis (derived from the Greek word, meaning “reduction”)." https://lnkd.in/dd-eUTZ View in LinkedIn

"THE PURPOSE OF MEIOSIS is to generate haploid gametes from diploid cells. Meiosis, like mitosis, begins with the replication of DNA, thus producing a cell with four chromatids of each type of chromosome—two maternal and two paternal. These four chromatids have to be distributed to four different nuclei.” https://lnkd.in/dd-eUTZ View in LinkedIn

PRECISE REDUCTION. "In reducing the chromosome number, it is not merely sufficient to end up, in a random manner, with a haploid number of chromosomes in the gamete. The haploid gametes produced by meiosis must contain one copy of each unique chromosome." https://lnkd.in/dd-eUTZ View in LinkedIn