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GENE DEGRADATION. "The acquisition of a sex factor on one member of the pair is the kiss of death for that chromosome, and it degrades quickly. This explains why only a few active genes remain on the human Y and the bird W." https://lnkd.in/ehjz378 View in LinkedIn

TWO SUPPRESSIONS. "Dioecy in flowering plants must often have evolved through at least two mutations, a male-sterility mutation (creating females) and one or more female-sterility mutations (creating males)." https://lnkd.in/exrSaeb View in LinkedIn

Civil servants bordering on clueless over Brexit. A brilliant piece of writing. View in LinkedIn

HERMAPHRODITE COMPROMISE. "If this idea is correct, then changing from being hermaphrodite to becoming purely female or male ought to trigger a burst of adaptation, as females optimize their female functions, and males optimize their male functions." https://lnkd.in/exrSaeb View in LinkedIn

STRANGE EVOLUTION. "Sex chromosomes are really weird because of the way they evolved. They start off as ordinary chromosomes, known as autosomes. A new sex gene arises on one member of the pair, defining either a male-determining Y as in humans or a female-determining W as in birds." https://lnkd.in/ehjz378 View in LinkedIn

The Earth may not be flat, but it just might be doomed https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/nov/19/the-earth-may-not-be-flat-but-it-is-possibly-doomed-fake-news?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other View in LinkedIn

DIVERSITY PATTERNS. “According to this perspective, if viruses developed from cells, they should be less diverse because cells would contain the entire range of genes available to viruses. It's a recurring theme in evolutionary biology: One of the reasons we know humans originated in Africa is that genetic diversity among residents of that continent is much greater than it is anywhere else. If this pattern of diversity is true for humans…there's no reason it can't also be true for viruses.” https://lnkd.in/eXmJ-Tt View in LinkedIn

VIRAL WORLD AND DIVERSITY. “Supporters point to a few lines of evidence. First, the diversity of viruses far exceeds that found in cellular life. "Where diversity lies, origin lies.” https://lnkd.in/eXmJ-Tt View in LinkedIn

RNA WORLD. “The Virus World Theory is closely related to the RNA World Theory, which says life first evolved as small pieces of RNA that slowly developed into complex DNA-carrying organisms. The Virus World Theory agrees that life's genetic material began as RNA. But it differs by arguing that the ancestors of viruses evolved before cells.” https://lnkd.in/eXmJ-Tt View in LinkedIn

STREAMLINING AND OURSOURCING. “Over time, Koonin argues, the parasitic genetic elements remained unable to replicate on their own and evolved into modern-day viruses that mooch off their cellular hosts. The genes they parasitized began to evolve different types of genetic information and other barriers to protect themselves from the genetic freeloaders, which ultimately evolved into cells.” https://lnkd.in/eXmJ-Tt View in LinkedIn