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BLACK BOX. "The stages in the domestication of a proteobacterium into a mitochondrion, a seminal achievement of the protoeukaryote, are not known." http://cshperspectives.cshlp.org/content/6/3/a016154.full View in LinkedIn

HYPOTHESIS. "It is appealing to posit that the combinatorial-control “idea,” originally governing the differentiation of diploid zygotic spores, was co-opted to govern the differentiation of multicellular diploids." http://cshperspectives.cshlp.org/content/6/3/a016154.full View in LinkedIn

"HOMEOPROTEIN (HP) transcription factors are the products of a family of developmental genes with multiple functions, including the definition of body axis, lineage decision and cell/growth cone migration and guidance. They are characterized by their highly conserved 60 amino acid-long DNA-binding domain, the homeodomain (HD)." https://lnkd.in/dchynSE View in LinkedIn

"AN EXPLOSIVE EXPANSION of homeoprotein-encoding genes has accompanied the evolution of multicellularity in animals and land plants, with homeoprotein-based combinatorial control exerted over core domains of the body plan: PBC/MEIS + HOX proteins specify the anterior–posterior axis of animals, and KNOX + BELL proteins specify the initiation of the moss sporophyte program and regulate the architecture of shoot apical meristems." http://cshperspectives.cshlp.org/content/6/3/a016154.full View in LinkedIn

HIBERNATION MODE. "Hence the programs that govern haploid spore formation are expected to include “spore-specific” genes that are not expressed in cycling cells and are activated at the time that the circumstances dictate the importance of shifting to a resting state." http://cshperspectives.cshlp.org/content/6/3/a016154.full View in LinkedIn

"TRICHOMES are widespread in plants and develop from surface cells on different tissues. They have many forms and functions, from defensive spines to physical barriers that trap layers of air to insulate against desiccation, but there is growing evidence that trichomes can also have developmental roles in regulating flower structure." https://lnkd.in/dBtGfqQ View in LinkedIn

FLORAL MORPHOLOGY REGULATION. "One point that requires particular attention is the question of how the range of floral organ morphology is generated downstream of the otherwise highly conserved ABCE program. Current data highlight the importance of gene duplication as a source of variation in aspects of the floral program, while shifts in gene expression appear to be a major factor in morphological evolution." https://lnkd.in/dVXk7jP View in LinkedIn

FLORAL TRANSITIONS. "The evolution of zygomorphic flowers from actinomorphic ancestors has clearly occurred many times independently across the angiosperms." https://lnkd.in/dVXk7jP View in LinkedIn

AMOEBA'S ENDOSYMBIONT GENES. "Many of these genes encode proteins that function in photosynthesis, and presequences that target their import into the cyanelle have been identified. Hence the posited gene-transfer events that accompanied mitochondrial and chloroplast domestication are apparently being recapitulated in Paulinella." https://lnkd.in/ebVhXPf View in LinkedIn

PARALOGS AND MORPHOLOGY. "The presence of gene paralogs may seem to correlate with novel aspects of morphology, but since paralogs can be retained as a result of either functional conservation (via subfunctionalization) or innovation (neofunctionalization), such correlation is a poor proxy for direct functional studies." https://lnkd.in/dVXk7jP View in LinkedIn