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MOBILE GENETIC ELEMENTS. "What of the many natural products that arise through a mixing of biosynthetic pathways? The data are scant but what is available is suggestive of yet a higher state of organization -- a super-cluster brought about through the action of moveable genetic elements, transposons." https://lnkd.in/dEpJBda View in LinkedIn

VAST INCREASE IN SPEED. "Ten years ago, this program would not have succeeded within any reasonable amount of time. Five years ago, this program would likely have taken days to weeks, possibly even longer. Today, the execution took a matter of minutes. Tomorrow, the program might run in milliseconds." https://lnkd.in/ddNuyJD View in LinkedIn

POLYKETIDE SYNTHESASES. "Single giant proteins with multiple catalytic domains, repeated in modules, oligomerize and transform small units to build up complex natural products. These varied enzymatic properties ensure overall catalytic plasticity in the world of natural products." https://lnkd.in/dEpJBda View in LinkedIn

BUT NOT QUITE RASA. "As with all genetic algorithms, there was work involved with designing the fitness function. The fitness function is equivalent to describing to the AI what you’re looking for. In this way, creating the fitness function itself, is a bit like programming (on behalf of the human). If it were possible for the AI to develop its own fitness function, this would be a step forward." https://lnkd.in/ddNuyJD View in LinkedIn

LACK OF EUKARYOTIC LOGIC. "One of the striking differences between this arrangement in prokaryotes and that found in eukaryotes is that typically, not only are the genes of metabolic pathways in eukaryotes not organized in clusters, but they are often located on different chromosomes. Thus, unlike the metabolic genes of prokaryotes, those of eukaryotes are not organized spatially." https://lnkd.in/dEpJBda View in LinkedIn

PROKARYOTE LOGIC. "Not only are the genes aligned sequentially...but they are also usually aligned along the same direction in the DNA strand." https://lnkd.in/dEpJBda View in LinkedIn

LOGICALAL PROKARYOTIC STRUCTURES. "In prokaryotes, the genes for metabolic pathways are typically organized into operons and, upon transcription, give polycistronic m-RNA. Such unidirectional, clustered, and organized genes would appear to make good engineering sense." https://lnkd.in/dEpJBda View in LinkedIn

INTERMEDIATES. "The bewildering array of structure types resulting from these processes...can be traced to the versatility of the various enzyme systems operating through reactive intermediate carbonations." https://lnkd.in/dEpJBda View in LinkedIn

ACTIONS AND FUNCTIONS. “The actions of natural products in human physiology are often not relevant to their function(s) in the producing organisms." https://lnkd.in/dEpJBda View in LinkedIn

CHUNKING. "Horizontal transfer of genes (that code for biosynthetic pathways) between species occurred and conferred selective advantages to organisms." https://lnkd.in/dEpJBda View in LinkedIn