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THE ARGUMENT. “(iv) The area of the event horizon of a black hole is the only property of a black hole which is formally similar to ordinary thermodynamic entropy in that they both tend to increase over time. (Etc).” https://lnkd.in/dHGT8xw View in LinkedIn

THE ARGUMENT. “(iii) The Second Law can only hold in the presence of black holes if the black holes present have an entropy contributing to the total entropy of the universe.“ https://lnkd.in/dHGT8xw View in LinkedIn

THE ARGUMENT. “Bekenstein’s argument can be broken down as follows:" "The universe as a whole has an entropy. (ii) The Second Law is a universal law, i.e., applies to the universe as a whole; in particular (a generalization of) it still obtains in the presence of black holes.” https://lnkd.in/dHGT8xw View in LinkedIn

CLUELESS. “For all the evidence we have, black holes may well exhibit unusual and unexpected thermodynamic behaviour—or none at all. It is certainly not automatic that the Generalized Second Law holds.” https://lnkd.in/dHGT8xw View in LinkedIn

A veritable tome by a veritable genius. View in LinkedIn

FINLAND, THE HAPPY COUNTRY. “Children are scaffolded to make meanings, instead of giving right answers, to discuss and to show their conceptions (instead of listening and memorizing) and finally to be creative and design their own learning, instead of following teachers guidance.” https://lnkd.in/dW8fMht View in LinkedIn

SO ENDS this incredibly short but powerful article that pulls together some of the key ignored questions about the origin of self-sustaining and self-replicating metabolic pathways assembled into autonomous organisms, and proposes a hypothesis for the self-similarity of these pathways across many species. A remarkable article by a remarkable man. https://www.embopress.org/doi/full/10.1002/msb.20145351 View in LinkedIn

FASCINATING POSSIBILITY. “Thus, it cannot be excluded that a primordial ‘reversed’ glycolysis (that is, a primordial ‘gluconeogenesis’) could have contributed to carbon fixation or facilitated the formation of the complex sugar phosphates required for the assembly of RNA and other biological molecules.” https://www.embopress.org/doi/full/10.1002/msb.20145351 View in LinkedIn

COMPARTMENTS. “Related to this issue is the fact that thermodynamically less favored molecules can in fact accumulate as well if products are separated from the catalyst, for example, by inclusion into protocell vesicles.” https://www.embopress.org/doi/full/10.1002/msb.20145351 View in LinkedIn

SUPERFLUOUS LUXURY? “Indeed, there is no need, in principle, of self‐replication, when a given product is continuously re‐made because it is the most stable reaction product—this is the case of all reactions under thermodynamic control.” https://www.embopress.org/doi/full/10.1002/msb.20145351 View in LinkedIn