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THE INFORMATION PROBLEM. “For a sub-system of a larger quantum system, its thermodynamic entropy is usually identified with its number of quantum degrees of freedom, i.e., the logarithm of the number of its quantum states, and corresponds to its maximum possible von Neumann entropy as part of a larger system. The assumption, called the "central dogma" that this is true for black holes is what leads to the black hole information problem.” https://lnkd.in/dUKnus8 View in LinkedIn

IMPORTANT LAW. “The generalized second law (GSL), originally proposed by Bekenstein for black hole horizons, is that Sgen is non-decreasing along any future causal horizon (FCH).” Remember that we spent a lot of time on Beckenstein’s work? https://lnkd.in/dUKnus8 View in LinkedIn

PREDICTION. “The density of quantum degrees of freedom in the interior of the black hole plausibly never should exceed one per Planck volume on a maximal hypersurface.” https://lnkd.in/dUKnus8 View in LinkedIn

PRINCIPLE VIOLATED. “While this behavior of the entanglement entropy of evaporating black holes violates the holographic principle as it relates to black hole horizons, there is no conflict with the Bousso covariant entropy bound that Bousso used to motivate the holographic principle.” https://lnkd.in/dUKnus8 View in LinkedIn

ENTANGLED MATTER. “Also, the matter shell that formed the black hole and any matter subsequently accreting into the black hole may have been entangled with quanta that remain outside the black hole.” https://lnkd.in/dUKnus8 View in LinkedIn

“QUANTUM INFORMATION propagating into the black hole early on crosses the z = 0 hypersurface into the white hole at an enormous spacelike separation from the late stage black hole horizon.” https://lnkd.in/dUKnus8 View in LinkedIn

Perfectly nested, delicately formed, shamelessly posing for tbe camera. View in LinkedIn

THE CONUNDRUM. “The evolution of sperm modification by Wolbachia poses an evolutionary puzzle—the trait is only expressed in males and yet symbionts in males are not passed on to the next generation. In randomly mating populations, it will be at best selectively neutral.” https://lnkd.in/dXjWp9f View in LinkedIn

COEVOLUTION. “As Wolbachia genomes often carry divergent cif homologs, the absence of recombination between these genes is compatible with recombination being constrained by selection. This can be explained by the coevolution of binding affinities between the proteins encoded by cifA and their cognate cifB gene.” https://lnkd.in/dXjWp9f View in LinkedIn

ROLE OF RECOMBINATION. “Whether recombination itself created these incompatibilities or whether crossing types arose due to sequence divergence following recombination is unknown. We found that recombination is frequent across the cif gene phylogeny, but it almost exclusively occurs between related syntenic cifA–cifB gene pairs within the same Type.” https://lnkd.in/dXjWp9f View in LinkedIn