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SMALLEST UNIT OF THE GENETIC CODE. “The source of cancerous mutations and the relationship to telomeres is explained in an alternative way. We define the smallest subunit in the genetic code as a loop braid group element. The loop braid group is suitable to be defined as a configuration space in the process of converting the information written in the DNA into the structure of a folded protein.” https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/8/1214/htm View in LinkedIn

A TELOMERE “is a region of repetitive nucleotide sequences associated with specialized proteins at the ends of linear chromosomes. Although there are different architectures, telomeres, in a broad sense, are a widespread genetic feature most commonly found in eukaryotes. Telomere shortening in humans can induce replicative senescence, which blocks cell division. This mechanism appears to prevent genomic instability and development of cancer in human aged cells by limiting the number of cell divisions.” https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telomere View in LinkedIn

THE TRANSFORMATION. “Quantum gravity may perhaps stop the collapse of a BH beyond a certain point, and the BH may, in turn, experience an outward pressure transforming it into a white hole spewing out matter that it has swallowed in its past history.” (BH = black hole). https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-51081-7_62 View in LinkedIn

EXAPTATION. “Nowadays, a topological quantum cryptography is the most secure cryptography concept with the highest impact on computer security, business, and society, but it is rarely used in biology. Experimental quantum cryptography narrows the gap and it approaches the implementation of theoretical knowledge outside the laboratories, e.g., by the investigation of quantum key distribution with finite decoy states.” https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/8/1214/htm View in LinkedIn

PHASE SHIFT. “Recently, scientists applied the loop braid group to studying the anyon in topological quantum computer architecture. We borrow this theory to redefine a new model of the asymmetric key between public and private keys in protein–protein interactions as a new moduli state space model in quantum cryptography for biology. The anyon in biology can be associated with a phase transition of DNA–RNA–protein with a quaternionic state with two fermion pairs in the genetic code.” https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/8/1214/htm View in LinkedIn

ORIGINS. “Unlike a BH, it is not clear how a WH would arise in Nature. Quantum gravity might give us a clue on this.” (BH = black hole; WH = white hole). https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-51081-7_62 View in LinkedIn

IN PUBLIC IMAGINATION. “It is amazing how much attention has been given in recent years to the BH-wormhole -WH phenomenon both by professionals and the public alike.” (BH = black hole; WH = white hole). https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-51081-7_62 View in LinkedIn